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农学学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (12): 70-79.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2025-0104

• 林学 园艺 园林 食用菌 • 上一篇    下一篇

陕北沿黄土石山区不同类型人工林生态效益评价

陈振宏1(), 吕妮1, 曹东平1(), 刘雅娟1, 王鹏2, 薛睿哲2, 韩侠2, 徐伟洲2, 田相林3, 陈书军3   

  1. 1 榆林市林业工作站, 陕西榆林 719000
    2 榆林学院现代农学院, 陕西榆林 719000
    3 西北农林科技大学林学院, 陕西杨凌 712100
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-24 修回日期:2025-10-20 出版日期:2025-12-20 发布日期:2025-12-16
  • 通讯作者:
    曹东平,男,1971年出生,高级工程师,本科,主要从事林草资源保护,荒漠化治理、沙地植被恢复和林业技术推广等工作。E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    陈振宏,男,1972年出生,高级工程师,本科,主要从事林草调查规划、植被生态适应性研究和困难立地造林技术推广。E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    陕西省榆林市发展和改革委员会资助项目“榆林市退化生态系统治理与修复植物配置模式研究”(2023-YLSFGW-60); 陕西省榆林市科学技术局2024年科技计划项目“樟子松人工林多功能经营与改造技术研究”(2024-CXY-188)

Ecological Benefit Evaluation of Different Types of Artificial Forests in Loess Stone Mountain Area of Northern Shaanxi

CHEN Zhenhong1(), LYU Ni1, CAO Dongping1(), LIU Yajuan1, WANG Peng2, XUE Ruizhe2, HAN Xia2, XU Weizhou2, TIAN Xianglin3, CHEN Shujun3   

  1. 1 Yulin Forestry Workstation, Yulin, Shaanxi 719000
    2 College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Yulin University, Yulin, Shaanxi 719000
    3 College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100
  • Received:2025-06-24 Revised:2025-10-20 Online:2025-12-20 Published:2025-12-16

摘要:

为明确陕北沿黄土石山区典型人工林的生态服务功能差异,筛选适宜该生态脆弱区的植被恢复模式,本研究以侧柏林(针叶纯林)、枣树林(阔叶纯林)、油松-紫穗槐混交林(针阔乔灌混交)、油松-火炬混交林(针阔乔木混交)4种典型人工林为对象,通过野外调查与室内分析,系统测定植物群落物种组成、土壤理化性质(养分、温湿度、pH、电导率)及优势种生理指标(叶绿素荧光参数、叶绿素含量、叶片含水量),结合熵值TOPSIS法构建多维度生态效益评价体系。结果表明,侧柏林和油松-紫穗槐混交林群落物种数量为20种,高于枣树林和油松-火炬混交林;油松-火炬混交林乔木层和灌木层的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Simpson优势度指数和Pielou均匀度指数显著最高,4个人工林草本层群落特征指数均无显著差异;油松-火炬混交林的土壤全磷显著最高,侧柏林和油松-火炬混交林的土壤全钾含量显著高于枣林和油松-紫穗槐混交林,速效钾显著低于后两者;阔叶树(枣树和火炬树)光合能力显著高于针叶树(侧柏和油松),叶片含水量显著低于针叶树。综合分析发现,土壤理化性质和优势种生理特性显著影响人工林林下物种组成,4种典型人工林生态效益从高到低依次为油松-火炬混交林、油松-紫穗槐混交林、枣树林、侧柏林。研究证实,针阔混交林通过生态位互补提升群落稳定性与土壤养分供给能力,更适合陕北沿黄土石山区生态修复,其中油松-火炬混交林可作为优选模式推广。

关键词: 沿黄土石山区, 人工林类型, 植被恢复, 土壤环境, 物种多样性, 熵权TOPSIS法, 生态效益, 群落多样性, 土壤理化性质, 叶绿素荧光

Abstract:

This study focused on four typical plantation types (Platycladus orientalis forest, Pinus tabuliformis- Amorpha fruticosa forest, Ziziphus jujuba forest, and Pinus tabuliformis- Rhus typhina forest) in the loess stone mountain area of northern Shaanxi. Their ecological benefits were comprehensively evaluated and a multi-dimensional ecological benefit evaluation system was constructed through community surveys, soil physicochemical property measurements, plant physiological index analyses, diversity index calculations, and using the entropy-weighted TOPSIS method. The results showed that the number of species in Platycladus orientalis forest and Pinus tabuliformis- A. fruticosa forest was 20, which was higher than that in Z. jujuba forest, and Pinus tabuliformis- R. typhina forest, while Pinus tabuliformis- R. typhina forest exhibited significantly higher Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Simpson dominance index, and Pielou evenness index in its tree and shrub layers than other 3 types of forest. However, there were no significant differences in herbaceous layer community characteristic indices among the 4 plantations. The total phosphorus content in the soil of Pinus tabuliformis- R. typhina forest was significantly higher than that in other 3 types of forest. The total potassium content in the soil of Platycladus orientalis forest and Pinus tabuliformis- R. typhina forest was significantly higher than that in the Pinus tabuliformis- A. fruticosa forest and Z. jujuba forest, while the available potassium content was significantly lower than that in the latter 2 forests. The leaves photosynthetic capacity of the broadleaf trees (Z. jujuba and R. typhina) was significantly higher than that of the coniferous tree (Pinus tabuliformis and Platycladus orientalis), while the leaf water content was significantly lower than that of the coniferous tree. Comprehensive analysis revealed that soil physicochemical properties and the physiological state of dominant tree species significantly influenced understory vegetation community composition. The comprehensive ecological benefit evaluation ranked the four plantations in descending order as follows: Pinus tabuliformis- R. typhina forest, Pinus tabuliformis- A. fruticosa forest, Z. jujuba forest, and Platycladus orientalis forest. The study confirmed that the coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest improved community stability and soil nutrient supply capacity through niche complementarity, which was more suitable for ecological restoration along the loess stone mountain area in northern Shaanxi, and the mixed forest of Pinus tabuliformis and R. typhina could be promoted as a preferred model.

Key words: loess stone mountain area, plantation types, vegetation restoration, soil environment, species diversity, entropy-weighted TOPSIS method, ecological benefits, community diversity, soil physical and chemical properties, chlorophyll fluorescence