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农学学报

农学学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 6 ›› Issue (4): 30-35.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas15120006

所属专题： 土壤重金属污染； 畜牧兽医； 园艺

• 土壤肥料 资源环境 生态 • 上一篇    下一篇

长期施用猪粪源有机肥对蔬菜-土壤系统重金属积累的影响

黄新灿,章明奎   

  1. 绍兴市上虞区农业技术推广中心,浙江大学环境与资源学院资源科学系
  • 收稿日期:2015-12-10 修回日期:2016-01-14 接受日期:2016-01-22 出版日期:2016-04-20 发布日期:2016-04-20
  • 通讯作者: 黄新灿 E-mail:mkzhang
  • 基金资助:
    国家科技支撑计划项目“东南城郊环保型集约化生态高值农业模式研究与示范”(2014BAD14B04)。

Long-term Application of Pig Manure Compost Affecting Heavy Metal Accumulation in Vegetable-soil System

  • Received:2015-12-10 Revised:2016-01-14 Accepted:2016-01-22 Online:2016-04-20 Published:2016-04-20

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摘要： 为了解长期施用由集约化养殖场畜禽粪堆制的有机肥对蔬菜地土壤与蔬菜中重金属积累的影响，设计了对照（化肥）、化肥+猪粪堆肥、猪粪堆肥和2 倍猪粪堆肥等4 种施肥方法，进行了为期3 年的田间小区蔬菜试验。结果表明：施用猪粪堆肥可促进蔬菜地土壤养分的提高，减弱土壤酸化。但试验也表明虽然施用的猪粪堆肥符合中国有机肥的行业标准(NY 525—2012)，当猪粪堆肥被单独作为肥源用于蔬菜地时，其可显著增加土壤和蔬菜中重金属的积累，重金属含量随猪粪堆肥用量和施用年限的增加而增加。连续施用猪粪堆肥3 年后土壤中Cu、Zn 和Cd 含量分别比试验前提高了31.2%、27.3%和14.0%，蔬菜中Cu、Zn、Pb 和Cd含量也均显著高于对照处理；连续施用2 倍猪粪堆肥3 年后，土壤中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Hg和As 含量分别比试验前增加了67.4%、53.0%、13.1%、24.4%、25.9%和13.8%，蔬菜中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Hg和As 含量均显著高于对照处理；但化肥+猪粪堆肥配合施用的蔬菜产品中重金属含量与对照处理无显著差异。研究建议重视化肥与有机肥配施；在蔬菜地中应用富含有Cu和Zn 等重金属的畜禽粪时应严格控制用量，避免长期、连续施用富含有Cu和Zn等重金属的畜禽粪。

关键词: 小麦, 小麦, 三雌蕊近等基因系, 麦谷蛋白, 醇溶蛋白, 聚类分析

Abstract: In order to understand the effects of long-term application of the intensive livestock and poultry farms-source compost on heavy metals accumulated in vegetable-soil system, a three year-field experiment was conducted. The experiment included four treatments, ie., control (chemical fertilizers), 1/2 pig manure-source compost and 1/2chemical fertilizers, pig manure-source compost, and double quantity of pig manure-source compost. The results showed that application of pig manure-source compost could prevent soil from acidification, and improve soil fertility levels. However, the experiment also showed that pig manure source compost could significantly increase the accumulation of heavy metals in soil and vegetables when it alone was used as fertilizer to vegetable field, although the applied pig manure compost met the requirement of industry standards for organic fertilizer in China (NY525-2012). The contents of heavy metals in the soil and vegetable increased with increasing amount of pig manure compost and application time. After 3 years of continuous application of pig manure compost, the contents of Cd, Zn and Cu in soil were increased by 31.2%, 27.3% and 14%, respectively. And the contents of Cd, Zn, Pb and Cu in vegetables were significantly higher than that in the treatment of chemical fertilizer. After 3 years of continuous application of double quantity of pig manure compost, the contents of Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Hg and As in soil were increased by 67.4%, 53.0%, 13.1%, 24.4%, 25.9% and 13.8%, respectively. And the contents of Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Hg and As in vegetables were significantly higher than that in the treatment of chemical fertilizer. But there were no significant difference in heavy metals of vegetable products between the combined application of chemical fertilizer plus pig manure compost (1/2 pig manure-source compost and 1/2chemical fertilizers) and chemical fertilizer treatment. The combined application of chemical fertilizer plus pig manure compost was suitable fertilization model for the promotion of vegetable field. It is suggested that the application amount of rich Cu and Zn pig manure in the vegetable fields should be controlled, continuous application of pig manure in vegetable field should be avoided.