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农学学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 8 ›› Issue (1): 153-157.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2018-1-153

所属专题: 资源与环境 农业学科与产业发展 现代农业发展与乡村振兴 农业生态

• 新兴及交叉学科发展篇 • 上一篇    下一篇

中国生态农业的回顾与展望

李文华   

  1. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京 100101
  • 收稿日期:2017-11-05 修回日期:2017-11-22 出版日期:2018-01-20 发布日期:2020-04-22
  • 作者简介:李文华,男,1932年出生,山东广饶人,生态学家,中国工程院院士、国际欧亚科学院院士,现任中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所研究员,博士生导师,自然与文化遗产研究中心主任;兼任国家环境保护咨询委员会委员,国家林业局林业专家委员会委员,农业部全球/中国重要农业文化遗产专家委员会主任,中国人民大学名誉董事、环境学院名誉院长,中国生态学学会顾问,《自然资源学报》和《Journal of Resources and Ecology》主编等职务。通信地址:100101 北京市朝阳区大屯路甲11号 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,Tel:010-64888202,E-mail:liwh@igsnrr.ac.cn。

Review and Perspectives of China’s Ecological Agriculture

Li Wenhua   

  1. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
  • Received:2017-11-05 Revised:2017-11-22 Online:2018-01-20 Published:2020-04-22

摘要:

农业是人类社会发展的基础,在漫长的历史长河中做出了巨大的贡献。近代人口的不断增加,科学技术的发展以及人类在经营中的短期行为,带来了日益加剧的生态和环境问题,并引起了全世界人民对农业发展道路的关注与反思。中国凭借悠久的农业历史、多样的自然条件和文化积淀,在政府的激励与引导下,提出了具有中国特色的生态农业的概念,建立了较为完善的理论体系,总结了适合中国国情的多种成功模式,开展了不同层面的生态农业建设试点,并得到了国内和国际的广泛承认与赞扬。但中国的生态农业在实践中也存在一些亟待解决的问题和矛盾,有待今后在理论、技术、管理、政策、能力建设和评价指标等方面进一步深入研究和探索。

关键词: 生态农业, 循环农业, 多功能农业, 农业现代化, 农业文化遗产

Abstract:

Agriculture is the basis of national economy. With advancements in science and technology as well as an intensive utilization of land, great achievements have been made in agriculture. Meanwhile, some agro-ecological and environmental problems are arising from the processes. Being faced with the situations, people have begun to reflect on policies, patterns and technologies associated with agricultural development, and put forward new concepts on agricultural development in succession. There is growing awareness that development of agriculture can not only increase the amount of food and agricultural products to meet people’s increasing demand, but also improve product quality, insurance of food safety, exertion of ecosystem functions, and maintenance and restoration of the ecological environment. In the late 20 th century, China's ecologists and agronomists proposed a concept of ecological agriculture with Chinese characteristics, i.e., the ecological agriculture is derived from systematic thoughts in terms of the principles of ecology, economics, and ecological economics, with application of modern scientific and technological achievements and modern management tools, as well as effective experience in traditional agriculture. It is the modern agricultural development mode which results in a higher economic profit, ecological and social benefits. Its essence contains a series of concepts, such as integration, coordination, circulation and regeneration. After nearly 30 years of practice and development, ecological agriculture in China has achieved substantial progress, i.e., 1) established a theoretical system and summarized successful experience; 2) carried out eco-agricultural demonstration at the county-level pilots and achieved significant effects; 3) China’s eco-agriculture has been widely recognized and praised by the international community and become one of the first selected units on the agricultural cultural heritage. However, current eco-agricultural development is not perfect due to the following factors: 1) it still falls short of further research and accounting on a variety of agro-ecosystem service functions; 2) it is difficult to gain great economic benefits because of the lack of market-oriented guidance, scale management, specialized production and brand popularization for traditional self-sufficient rural economy. Development of society currently presents a new situation giving rise to a series of new problems. Progress in science broads our views and provides new means for resolving such issues. In order to further promote the development of ecological agriculture, serious reflections on ecological agriculture would result in new understanding of circular agriculture, multifunctional agriculture, high-quality agriculture and cultural agriculture in China.

Key words: Ecological Agriculture, Circular Agriculture, Multifunctional Agriculture, Agricultural Modernization, Cultural Agriculture

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