土壤中重金属铬的形态、价态评价综述

doi:10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2020-0284

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

中国土壤环境标准已对土壤中总铬含量制定了标准,但要深入了解重金属铬对生态环境和生物体的影响以及土壤污染情况,应该从铬的不同形态、价态进行具体分析。本文对土壤重金属铬的赋存形态及迁移转化规律进行论述,重点探讨了重金属铬的不同形态、不同价态的分析测定方法。顺序提取法仍然还是土壤中铬形态分析的主流方法。与基于土壤液体样品测定的铬的分离富集技术和分析检测技术比较,固态样品分析技术不需要样品预处理并避免了元素的形态转化,未来可能会开发出更快捷简便的土壤重金属测定技术。

关键词: 土壤, 重金属, 铬, 形态, 价态, 迁移转化, 分析测定方法

Abstract:

Soil environmental quality standards in China have established the limit for total chromium content in soil. To understand the effects of heavy metal chromium on ecological environment and soil organism, it is necessary to analyze different forms and valences of chromium in detail. In this study, the occurrence form, and the migration and transformation of heavy metal chromium in soil were discussed, especially the determination methods of different forms and valences of chromium. Sequential extraction method is still the main method for form analysis of chromium in soil. Compared with the solid-liquid extraction method and the technology of chromium separation, enrichment and determination based on soil liquid samples, direct solid sample analysis does not require sample pretreatment and avoids the form transformation of the element. In the future, more rapid and simple methods for determining heavy metals in soil will be developed.

Key words: soil, heavy metal, chromium, form, valence, migration and transformation, determination method

中图分类号:

赵少婷, 李建敏, 杜宇. 土壤中重金属铬的形态、价态评价综述[J]. 农学学报, 2022, 12(4): 24-28.

ZHAO Shaoting, LI Jianmin, DU Yu. Form and Valence Evaluation of Heavy Metal Chromium in Soil: A Review[J]. Journal of Agriculture, 2022, 12(4): 24-28.

图/表 1

参考文献 36

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萃取剂的选择	铬的形态
水	水溶态的Cr(VI)和Cr(III)
KCl溶液	总Cr(VI)
磷酸盐缓冲液(pH=7)	交换态的Cr(VI)
NaOH/Na₂CO₃稀溶液	总Cr(VI)
Na₂CO₃0.28 mol/L + NaOH 0.5 mol/L	总Cr(VI)
EDTA 50 mmol/L (pH=10)^[18]	总Cr(VI)和可溶态的Cr(III)

萃取剂的选择	铬的形态
水	水溶态的Cr(VI)和Cr(III)
KCl溶液	总Cr(VI)
磷酸盐缓冲液(pH=7)	交换态的Cr(VI)
NaOH/Na₂CO₃稀溶液	总Cr(VI)
Na₂CO₃0.28 mol/L + NaOH 0.5 mol/L	总Cr(VI)
EDTA 50 mmol/L (pH=10)^[18]	总Cr(VI)和可溶态的Cr(III)