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农学学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 13 ›› Issue (6): 5-10.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0087

• 农艺科学 生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

棉花抗逆性鉴定技术标准体系的建立

郑曙峰1(), 王延琴2(), 徐道青1, 彭军2, 阚画春1, 刘小玲1, 王维1, 陈敏1, 李淑英1   

  1. 1 安徽省农业科学院棉花研究所,合肥 230031
    2 中国农业科学院棉花研究所/棉花生物学国家重点实验室,河南安阳 455000
  • 收稿日期:2022-06-25 修回日期:2022-08-15 出版日期:2023-06-20 发布日期:2023-06-15
  • 通讯作者: 王延琴,女,1969年出生,河南遂平人,研究员,硕士,研究方向:棉花品质及农产品质量与食物安全。通信地址:455000 河南省安阳市文峰区黄河大道38号 中国农业科学院棉花研究所,Tel:0372-5058579,E-mail:381450499@qq.com
  • 作者简介:

    郑曙峰,男,1968出生,安徽潜山人,三级研究员,硕士,研究方向:作物栽培、农业标准化、植物营养与土壤肥料。通信地址:230031 安徽省合肥市庐阳区农科南路40号 安徽省农业科学院棉花研究所,Tel:0551-62827157,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    农业农村部农业行业标准制定和修订项目“制定《棉花耐渍涝性评价鉴定技术规范》标准”()(181721301092371053); “制定《棉花涝渍防控技术规程》标准”(181821301092372049); “制定《棉花抗旱性鉴定评价技术规程》标准”“制定《棉花耐盐性鉴定评价技术规程》标准”(农办质[2018]20号第9项); 财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系“国家棉花产业技术体系”(CARS-15-34); 安徽省农业科学院科技创新团队(2023YL006)

Stress Resistance of Cotton: Establishing the Identification Technical Standard System

ZHENG Shufeng1(), WANG Yanqin2(), XU Daoqing1, PENG Jun2, KAN Huachun1, LIU Xiaoling1, WANG Wei1, CHEN Min1, LI Shuying1   

  1. 1 Cotton Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China
    2 State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/ Cotton Research Institute, China Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan, China
  • Received:2022-06-25 Revised:2022-08-15 Online:2023-06-20 Published:2023-06-15

摘要:

棉花是中国主要的经济作物,分布区域广,生产周期长,受生态逆境胁迫影响大。培育和筛选抗逆性强的棉花品种是减少逆境灾害的主要途径,而研究棉花品种的抗逆性鉴定技术和标准是至关重要的基础工作。归纳了近年来国内外作物抗逆性鉴定的基本方法,分析了棉花干旱、渍涝、盐碱、高温热害和低温冻害冷害等5种常发易发非生物逆境(生态逆境)抗逆性鉴定的鉴定时期、鉴定方法、鉴定指标和抗逆性判定级别等,总结了抗逆性鉴定标准制定和标准体系建立的基本原则、框架和内容等。提出了进一步研究的基本思路,主要包括:研究基于光谱/高光谱等新技术的快速便捷无损抗逆性鉴定、复合逆境下抗逆性鉴定、利用分子生物学手段直接找出相关抗逆基因并以此来进行抗逆性鉴定等技术。

关键词: 棉花, 抗逆性, 鉴定技术, 标准体系, 抗旱性, 耐渍涝性, 耐盐性, 耐冷性, 耐热性

Abstract:

Cotton is a major cash crop in China, which is widely distributed, has a long production cycle and is greatly affected by abiotic stresses. Breeding and screening cotton varieties with strong stress resistance are the main ways to reduce stress disasters, and the study on abiotic stress resistance identification techniques and standards of cotton varieties is crucial. For this purpose, this paper summarized basic methods of crop stress resistance identification at home and abroad in recent years, as well as the identification contents, identification periods, identification methods, identification indicators and stress determination levels of five common and frequent abiotic stresses (ecological stresses) of cotton, such as drought, waterlogging, salinization, high temperature and heat injury, and cold and chilly injury. The paper also summed up basic principles, framework and content for formulating stress identification standards and establishing the standard system. The basic ideas for further research are proposed, mainly including fast, convenient and non-destructive stress resistance identification based on new technologies such as Spectrum/Hyperspectrum, stress resistance identification under complex stresses, and direct location of relevant stress resistance genes by molecular biology for identifying stress resistance.

Key words: cotton, stress resistance, identification technology, standard system, drought resistance, water logging tolerance, salt tolerance, cold injury tolerance, heat injury tolerance