Abstract: This test mainly analyzed pecan nutritional value and the economic benefits of planting pecan in rocky desertification area. After analysis, it was found that pecan had very rich nutrient elements. Compared with the other nuts, pecan had an advantage on fat, dietary fiber, amino acid etc. This article took the pecan planted in Yongdong, Xiushan, Chongqing as an example. The investigate result was that the net income of 14 years old hickory forests was 1273530 yuan/hm2, input-output ratio 9.74, and the investment income 8.74.Compared with common crops, planting pecan had more advantage, and the economic benefit sequence was pecan> honeysuckle> flue-cured tobacco> rice> sweet potato> corn.