Abstract: Integrating urban and rural social security is an important part of China’s development of urban and rural reunion process. It is also of great significance for eliminating the differences between town and country and promoting social justice. In the past years, the rural social security in China has made an outstanding progress. For example, of medical care issues, a new rural cooperative medical system has been established and spread fast around our country-side, which took a great role not only in saving farmers from suffering of the diseases, keeping them in good health, but also helping them get rid of being poor for illness. But comparing with the advanced city medical security, it is still undeveloped and need to improve. On the basis of confirming the big role of the new rural cooperative medical care system, this paper tries to point out the shortcomings between urban and rural medical security system. Then the author analyses the strong conditions having been made of integrating urban and rural medical security, and suggests out the key issues to be deal with and the countermeasures to be adopted in the future.