Abstract: 【Objective】The change law of yield traits and compositions in Huanghuai dryland winter wheat varieties from 1986 to 2014 were studied. The purpose of this study was to provide a theoretical basis and technical support for dryland wheat breeding adapting to the cropping system and climate change in future.【Method】 Using the data of nearly 30 years the states dryland winter wheat regional test in Huanghuai at Linfen point, have studied the evolution law of yield traits and compositions of check varieties, meanwhile, correlation analysis and path analysis were conducted that variation of yield traits. 【Results】The results of analysis of the evolution of yield traits s were obtained as follows: ①The variation of yield traits and compositions from 1986 to 2014 is to yield >effective ear > plant height > spike grain number per spike > 1000-grain weight, especially deviation degree of yield traits and compositions from 2006 to 2014 is the largest. ②1000-grain weight and the spike grain number of dryland wheat varieties in Huanghuai slowly rising year by year, effective ear Numbers and grain yield and plant height is slowly decline. ③Correlation analysis showed that grain yield has a extremely significant positive correlation with plant height, effective ear and 1000-grain weight. ④Path analysis showed that the biggest direct contribution and positive effect to grain yield was plant height and spike grain number, in huanghuai dryland wheat high-yield breeding evolution.【Conclusion】Farming system and climate warming have an on the variations of yield traits and compositions of dryland winter wheat in Huanghuai, the wheat variety of resistance drought and high yield breeding with lower plant height, higher effective panicle number and 1000-grain weight is dryland wheat breeding improvement direction adapting to climate change in future in Huanghuai.