Abstract: To increase the unit output of the Common buckwheat (F. esculentum) substantially, using the related germplasm resources of the Wing buckwheat (F. emarginatum) is essential. The author carried out observations and studies on the genetic characteristics of the Wing buckwheat (F. emarginatum) varieties. The results showed that the Wing buckwheat (F. emarginatum) had larger seed, 43.8 g per thousand grain weight and 15% setting rate; while the Common buckwheat (F. esculentum) had 33 g per thousand grain weight and 10.3% setting rate . In addition, with morphological markers and invisible genetics, the Wing buckwheat (F. emarginatum) grain was convenient for utilization. Without reproductive disorders, the Wing buckwheat (F. emarginatum) and the Common buckwheat (F. esculentum) could have mutual pollination, which exhibited a stronger heterosis. The Wing buckwheat (F. emarginatum) had significant agronomic traits, and high economic value could be achieved when the variety was used as breeding material.