Abstract: To find a partial substitution of peat moss for soilless cultivation, mixing fermented straw of Jerusalem artichoke (FSJA) with peat moss is a technical solution. In this study, the effects of compound substrates with different proportions of FSJA on the growth and development of tomato were detected to select the optimum proportion of FSJA. In the control group (CK), peat moss: vermiculite=2:1; 5 treatments were set with the proportions of FSJA being 20% (T1)、40% (T2)、60% (T3)、80% (T4) and 100% (T5). Physicochemical properties of the compound substrates were tested and cultivation experiments were conducted. The results showed that higher proportion of FSJA resulted in larger water- holding capacity, total porosity, aeration porosity and void ratio, and lower water-holding porosity. Plant height of T2 increased by 14.18% and 22.39% compared with that of T5 and CK, respectively. VC contents of tomato fruit in the 5 treatments were all higher than that of CK, and VC content of T5 was 12.07% higher than that of CK. The content of soluble sugar first increased and then decreased with the increasing proportion of FSJA, and soluble sugar content of T3, which was the highest among the treatments, was 45.10% higher than that of CK. Soluble solid content of T3 was significantly higher than that of other treatments, and soluble solid content of T1 was the lowest. Yield per plant of T1 was the highest in all the treatments, and was 23.16% higher than that of CK, while T5 was 37.71% lower than that of CK. The results indicated that a certain percentage of FSJA could enhance the physicochemical properties of compound substrate and improve growth and development of tomato, 20%-40% volume proportion of FSJA was suitable for tomato cultivation.