Abstract: The research on agricultural modernization has a long history. After the 16th National Congress of the Communist Part of China, China’s agricultural policy has undergone a fundamental change. With the development of modern agriculture as the focus, issues of agriculture, farmer and rural area have achieved great success, practice promoted scholars’research on the connotation, characteristics, path selection, index system construction and other aspects of agricultural modernization. With the putting forward of harmonized development of "four modernizations" and the coordinated development of the "five modernizations "in China, theoretical research on agricultural modernization has a new connotation. The theoretical research results of the characteristics, paths, and index system and evaluation method of agricultural modernization are enriched under the harmonized development of "four modernizations" and the coordinated development of the "five modernizations" in China. This paper explores the new features, new path and new index system of agricultural modernization by combing the theoretical achievements of researches on China’s agricultural modernization since the 16th National Congress of the Communist Part of China, providing references for the further transformation and upgrading of Chinese agriculture and making of relevant policies.