Current issue

• 2017 Vol.7 No.4 Published:26 April 2017

  Breeding of Transgenic Hybrid Cotton Variety‘Yumian 50’and Cultivation Technologies 2017, 7 (4):  1-4.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16100024 Abstract + ( 6233 )   PDF ( 1107KB )   ( 888 ) The middle-early-maturing new cotton variety‘Yumian 50’was bred by the Institute of Industrial Crops, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences. It was examined and approved by Henan Evaluation Committee of Crop Variety in 2016 (Evaluation code: Yushenmian 2016002). In order to study the variety characteristics of‘Yumian 50’and the key points of its cultivation technology, and accelerate its application in cotton production, the breeding process of‘Yumian 50’was described in this paper. The test data of 26 times for three years of‘Yumian 50’participating in Henan regional tests in 2012-2014 were concluded. The results showed that‘Yumian 50’had outstanding performance in Henan regional tests, it was a new cotton variety with high-yield, good quality and disease-pest resistant characteristics.

  Research Progress of Disease Resistance Genes in Peanut 2017, 7 (4):  5-9.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16110001 Abstract + ( 1272 )   PDF ( 1065KB )   ( 1461 ) Diseases seriously affect the quality and yield in peanut. The application of disease resistant varieties is the most efficient method to prevent and control disease. At present, with the rapid development of molecular biology techniques, especially the whole genome sequence of two wild diploid has sequenced, the application of genetic technology on peanut disease-resistant breeding will be more and more widely. In this paper, we view the research status of disease resistance genes in peanut, including leaf spot, AspergillusSflavus, and bacterial wilt and so on. At same time, advances on the study of multiple genes pyramiding breeding for disease resistance to peanut are discussed. The paper gives people insight into the disease-resistant genetic mechanisms in peanut and provides the references that the disease resistance genes on peanut have studies and utilizations.

  Citrus Liberobacter Asiaticum Morbidity and Timing Patterns in Old Orchards 杨晓,汪恩国,, and 2017, 7 (4):  10-14.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16120026 Abstract + ( 1098 )   PDF ( 1240KB )   ( 862 ) To reveal natural occurrence of citrus liberobacter asiaticum and provide a scientific basis for monitoring, preventing and controlling the disease, a study was made from 2002 to 2015 on natural infection morbidity in a citrus orchard with good natural isolation barrier by taking three sample plots to find out the onset and diffusion of the disease. The fourteen-year study showed that citrus liberobacter asiaticum morbidity was the most powerful four or five years after the natural infection, and reached 10% to 15% yearly, which increased by two to three times compared with its early incidence force. Its varying curve of occurrence acted as an“M”. The first peak symptomatic appearance of natural infection was around the 5th year after the first incidence and the second happened 9 years later or so. Generally, the peak period lasted 1 to 3 years and the change between the two peaks fluctuated with high volatility. The occurrence regularity of citrus liberobacter asiaticum morbidity showed an upward trajectory in Logistic curve and its chronological value change model was: Q = 85.8144 1 EXP(4.0063-0.5837N ) (n=14，r=0.9941**), and its big cycle of natural infection spreading was 15 years (including core harm period of 10 years or so). This change patterns could be of guiding significance to monitoring, preventing and controlling citrus liberobacter asiaticum in old orchards.

  Synthesis and Application of New Acaricidal Compound 3-(2,4,6-trimethyl-phenyl)-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.4]non-3-en-4-yl butane-1-sulfonate 2017, 7 (4):  15-19.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16100003 Abstract + ( 1066 )   PDF ( 1256KB )   ( 833 ) With the frequent and extensive use of acaricides, mites had developed increasing resistance to acaricides. It’s necessary to prepare new type of highly effective acaricide. A new acaricidal compound 3-(2,4,6-trimethyl-phenyl)-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.4]non-3-en-4-yl butane-1-sulfonate (AC-118) was synthesized refer to the synthetic method of Spiromesifen. The toxicity of AC-118 against eggs and female adults of Tetranychus cinnabarinus were tested by leaf-dipping method and slide-dip method, respectively. The field control efficacy against Tetranychus vinnensis was also evaluated. The structure of AC-118 was confirmed by 1H NMR. The preliminary bioassay results showed that LC50 of AC-118 against eggs and female adults of Tetranychus cinnabarinus were 2.4 mg/L and 6.7 mg/L, respectively. 14 d after spraying in field, at the dosage of 2000 and 3000 times, 24% AC-118 SC provided 96.1% and 93.0% field control efficacy against Tetranychus cinnabarinus, respectively. 24% AC-118 ME provided 97.2% and 94.6% field control efficacy, respectively. At 3000 times, 24% Spiromesifen SC provided 93.9% field control efficacy. The control effect of AC-118 on Tetranychus cinnabarinus was equivalent to that of Spiromesifen. Compared with the traditional acaricides, AC-118 had the advantages of high bioactivity, rapid availability and long efficacy duration. Further development and research could be carried on to AC-118.

  As Absorption Characteristics by Phragmites communis in As Contaminated Soil 2017, 7 (4):  20-24.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16080016 Abstract + ( 936 )   PDF ( 1329KB )   ( 894 ) To explore the absorption and transport of As by Phragmites communis, and provide references for repairing As contaminated soil, 6 As contents were designed to study the growth of P. communis, and its absorption and transport of As in contaminated soil after 60 days. The results showed that different concentrations of As had certain effects on plant height, bud and leaf of P. communis, the fresh weight of overground and underground part decreased when As concentration rose from 200 mg/kg, the dry weight decreased with the increase of As concentration, soil As content was positively correlated with As content in underground part of P. communis. P. communis was a kind of As resistant plant, and had potential As remediation ability.

  Application of Carbon Absorbing Polyglutamic Acid Organic Water Soluble Fertilizer in Corn Field 2017, 7 (4):  25-28.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas17010026 Abstract + ( 1052 )   PDF ( 1103KB )   ( 1342 ) This study aims at achieving good quality, high yield, fertilizer saving and benefit increasing of summer maize in Henan Province. A field experiment was designed with three treatments and three repeats. The growth development and production cost were recorded in detail. The real yields of the test plot were used to analyze the yield and benefit of different fertilizer levels, and explore the way of chemical fertilizer reduction. The results showed that during 6-9 leaf stage, spraying“carbon absorbing olyglutamic acid organic water soluble fertilizer”promoted the nutrients absorption and utilization, improved the utilization rate of fertilizer and enhanced the resistance. The maize showed stout stem, well developed root, matured live stem, decreasing bald tip and no dry failure. This fertilizer improved kernels per spike and thousand kernel weight, the production and efficiency increased obviously. Under the conventional fertilizer level, the yield increased by 11.9%, and the benefit increased by 1325.3 yuan/hm2. Under the 70% conventional fertilizer level, the yield increased by 5.3% and the benefit increased by 835.8 yuan/hm2.

  Potato Climate Yield Prediction Model Based on BP Neural Network 2017, 7 (4):  29-33.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16080007 Abstract + ( 855 )   PDF ( 1282KB )   ( 1157 ) The paper aims to predict accurately the potato yield in order to draw on advantages and avoid disadvantages of climate. Based on the potato yield data in Datong of Shanxi in 1980-2015 and the climate data observed by national reference observatory in the same period, we established a prediction model of potato yield by using traditional statistical regression method and BP neural network method. The results showed that: firstly, using the method of the quadric curve and the least-squares, the climatic factors in potato sensitive stage were temperature, sunshine and precipitation, and precipitation had the greatest impact on potato yield; secondly, the improved climate yield algorithm could better reflect the function relation between climatic factors and crop yield; thirdly, the method of BP neural network, by the precision of training set to 0.005 and the learning rate set to 0.01 could approach the nonlinear function well on the Matlab platform; fourthly, more than 1/3 samples in the forecast verification showed that BP neural network model was better than traditional methods on prediction accuracy and fitting precision, and BP neural network had a very broad application prospect in potato yield forecast.

  Determination of Cold-Resistance for 7 Flat-European Hazel Cultivars Through Electrical Permeation Rate Combining Logistic Equation 2017, 7 (4):  34-38.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16100022 Abstract + ( 682 )   PDF ( 1268KB )   ( 845 ) Freezing injury is one of the main factors influencing the growth and development for European hazel. To study the cold-resistance for different European hazel cultivars, artificial low temperature stress was used, and the electrical permeation rates of mature one-year-old shoots of 7 flat-European hazel cultivars were determined during the dormant period. Then combining logistic equation and curve-fitting, semi-lethal low temperature (LT50) and cold- resistance of the 7 cultivars were calculated and appraised, which were compared with the results of field over-wintering test. Results showed that with the fall of temperature, the electrical permeation rate of the 7 cultivars increased, and the changing curves were almost the same. Yet the increasing extent was different. The semi-lethal low temperature (LT50) was-19.224℃ for‘06-1’,-18.942℃ for ‘Davey’, - 16.630℃ for‘82- 11’, - 16.246℃ for‘Jinling’, - 16.139℃ for‘Liaozhen 3’, - 15.859℃ for ‘Kuixiang’and -15.248℃ for‘84-572’, respectively, which showed that the order of cold-resistance of‘06- 21’>‘Davey’>‘82-11’>‘Jinling’>‘Liaozhen 3’>‘Kuixiang’>‘84-572’. This result was almost the same as that of the field test, which indicated that the semi-lethal low temperature (LT50) could be used as an important index for evaluating cold-resistance of flat-European hazel cultivars.

  Effect of Microbial Fertilizer on Germination Rate and Seedling Growth of Tobacco in Seedbed 杨军伟 and 蔡 艳 2017, 7 (4):  39-45.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16100011 Abstract + ( 795 )   PDF ( 1291KB )   ( 1011 ) Bacterial manure as an important biological control approach, was widely used in crop production. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of two bacterial manures, Effective Microorganisms (EM) and Bacillus mucilaginosus, with different treatments (5 %, 10 % and 15 %) and their combination on the seed germination rate and seedling growth of Honghuadajinyuan and Yunyan 85. The results showed as follows: Adding EM and Bacillus mucilaginosus in seedbed could improve the germination rate of two tobacco seeds. The effect of promote germination to the two tobacco seeds was mainly reflected in the post-germination stage (in 17 ~ 19d) when adding one bacterial fertilizer. Promotion effect was feflected in whole germination stage of Honghuadajinyuan when two bacterial fertilizer as co-addition, while slightly inhibition was mainly reflected of Yunyan 85 in the initial germination stage, the germination rate was higher than the control at 21 d. The treatments of bacterial manures improved the growth of main root and lateral root of Honghuadajinyuan and Yunyan 85 at three leaf period, the promotion of low concentration (5 %) to two tobacco seedings was remarkable when adding EM only. While the promotion effect of middle concentration (10 %) was notable when adding Bacillus mucilaginosus only. The argonomic characteristics also could be improved with the combination of two bacterial fertilizer in three leaf period. The application of EM and Bacillus mucilaginosus promoted the growth of root, the total number of root so as to modify the growth status at five leaf period. The plant height, stem diameter ,longest leaf length and maximum leaf width of two tobacco seedlings were also improved with bacterial manures at 70 d after treated(before transplanting). To sum up, adding EM and Bacillus mucilaginosus in seedbed could improve germination rate and seedling growth of tobacco in different extent, especially adding 5 ~ 10 %.

  Effect of Agronomic Measures on NNK of Flue-cured Tobacco‘Cuibi No.1’ 黄朝章,张颖璞,叶仲力,张鼎方 and 罗靖 2017, 7 (4):  46-50.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16110005 Abstract + ( 754 )   PDF ( 1154KB )   ( 723 ) This study aims to provide clues for the selection of low NNK tobacco leaves. The effects of fertilizer type, topping treatment, bestrow method, harvest maturity and baking method on NNK of flue-cured tobacco ‘Cuibi No.1’were investigated through a field experiment. The results showed that the addition of fowl dung, suitable topping treatment and pre-bestrow could decrease the content of NNK of tobacco, while increasing the harvest maturity also could decrease the nicotine and NNK of tobacco, the NNK content of tobacco under conventional baking was less than that under loose leaf baking.

  Two Epimedium Species: Diurnal Variation of Photosynthesis 2017, 7 (4):  51-57.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16100019 Abstract + ( 761 )   PDF ( 1340KB )   ( 964 ) Epimedium has been widely used for invigorating sex, as well as rheumatism, strengthening muscles and bones. Recent report has shown that some flavonoids impart significant effects in the treatment of breast cancer, liver cancer, and leukemia. The recognition of the health benefits of Epimedium has resulted in extensive use of wild resources, and artificial cultivation is the only way to achieve sustainable use of resources. Epimedium pseudowushannense B.L.Guo is intended to achieve the first cultivated species，but Epimedium sagittatum (Sieb. et Zucc.) Maxim technology is not yet mature. In order to take further study of the two kinds of Epimedium, and provide the theoretical basis for the actual production.The diurnal variation of photosynthetic and eco-physiological characteristics of these two species was studied by the CI-340 Portable Photosynthesis System under natural conditions. The net photosynthetic rate (Pn)，stomatal conductance (C)，intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci)，photosynthetically active radiation (PAR)，relative humidity (RH)，air temperature (Ta)，apparent mesophyll conductance (ALMC)，transpiration rate (E)，leaf temperature (Tl)，water use efficiency (WUE) and other photosynthetic physiological factors and environmental factors were measured．The obtained data was analyzed by correlation analysis，path analysis and stepwise multiple-regression analysis to explore the relationship between the net photosynthetic rate and physiological factors. [Result]The results show that: ①The daily variation of the Pn，E，ALMC，C of E. pseudowushanense took on" two peak type"，the Pn was with an obvious midday depression phenomenon at noon. ②The Pn and ALMC of E. sagittatum were significantly higher than E. pseudowushanense. ③The correlation analysis，path analysis and stepwise regression analysis showed that ALMC，Ci might played important role in the Pn and ranked as ALMC ＞ Ci in two species. [Conclusion] In the actual production, two kinds of Epimedium should adopt different cultivation strategies.

  Functional Landscape Design of Healing Garden: A Case Study of 2017, 7 (4):  58-65.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas17020007 Abstract + ( 762 )   PDF ( 2967KB )   ( 1778 ) Healing garden reveals the positive effect of the natural environment on people, indicated that the plant landscape has an immeasurable effect in maintaining and improving people''s physical and mental health. Based on this, the author combined with the role of plant landscape in healing garden, put forward the functional plant landscape design strategies of healing garden: (1) the sanitarian principle; (2) created a sensory experience area, emphasizing the rehabilitation effect of plant landscape; (3) combined with the implementation of horticultural therapy;(4) adjusted measures to local conditions to choose plant species, and introduced a case of "Juleyuan" garden of its functional plant landscape design, so as to provide a certain theoretical and practical basis for plant landscape design of healing garden.

  Effects of Two Cultivation Methods on Auricularia auricula Yield Under Full-Illumination Slight Spraying 2017, 7 (4):  66-69.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16080020 Abstract + ( 738 )   PDF ( 1265KB )   ( 1095 ) To explore the technical measures of agaric high-yield cultivation in field, this experiment studied the effects of different ground display modes on yield, color, diseases and insect pests of Auricularia auricula with full- illumination and slight spraying. Results showed that the output at earlier stage of putting mushroomstick on the grass was increased by 25.6%, which was far higher than putting mushroom-stick under mulching film. The yield of single mushroom-stick on grass was increased by 35%. Compared with that under mulching film, the area of single fungus of mushroom-stick on the grass at both earlier and later period was increased by 21% and 11.8%, respectively, and the average weight of single fungus was increased by 13.8% and 21.1%, methods. But the disease situation of mushroom-stick under mulching film was more serious than that on the grass. Putting mushroom-stick on the grass was more suitable for the growth of Auricularia auricular in open cultivation.

  Germplasm Resource Pretection Pattern and Utilization of Varicorhinus macrolepis 2017, 7 (4):  70-73.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16100017 Abstract + ( 1094 )   PDF ( 1012KB )   ( 1033 ) Varicorhinus macrolepis was a small precious species in Mount Tai and one of the Class Ⅱ national protected species in China. Because of the development and human activities in Mount Tai area, Varicorhinus macrolepis wild resources had once drastically reduced and been on the verge of extinction. This article reviewed different kinds of activities in order to protect this rare freshwater fish germplasm resources, inclulding governments’ protection measures, scientific institute protection research, efforts of local enterprises, farmers and social groups. Through the analysis of these protective measures and achievements, this article considered the protection and development pattern combining governments, scientific institutes, enterprises, farms and social groups was a successful method and gained remarkable achievements. Varicorhinus macrolepis germplasm resources had been obviously recovered and successfully developed and utilized in nutrition, health care, tourism, culture and other areas. Therefore the protection pattern of Varicorhinus macrolepis had active reference value for protection, reproduction and development of other precious germplasm resources.

  Breeding of Ferment Bacteria and Control of Methanol and Higher Alcohols in Jujube Wine 尹 蓉,张倩茹,梁志宏,王贤萍,茹慧玲 and 李小平 2017, 7 (4):  74-78.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16110013 Abstract + ( 692 )   PDF ( 1189KB )   ( 1260 ) Jujube wine is a health drink with local characteristics and is worth promoting. Jujube wine fermentation can be divided into alcoholic fermentation and malolactic fermentation. Yeast is the key of alcoholic fermentation while lactic acid bacteria is the key of malolactic fermentation, therefore the breeding of yeast and lactic acid bacteria is crucial for the quality of jujube wine. Besides, the control of methanol is a major problem in production, and the control of higher alcohol is also a difficulty. The authors summarized the breeding of yeast and lactic acid bacteria, and the control of methanol and higher alcohols, proposed that breeding specialized yeast and lactic acid bacteria was the future research direction. The authors also studied the production mechanism of methanol and higher alcohols, and controlled the content of their ontents based on quality guarantee, thus to provide references for the production technology of jujube wine.

  Empirical Analysis of Oilseed Rape Production Efficiency in Yangtze River Basin Based on Malmquist Index 2017, 7 (4):  79-83.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16100013 Abstract + ( 719 )   PDF ( 1190KB )   ( 715 ) Based on the Malmquist index method of DEA and oilseed rape cost- benefit data, the authors analyzed the changes of oilseed rape production efficiency in the main producing areas of Yangtze River Basin, and clarified the distribution of oilseed rape production efficiency and its influencing factors. The results showed that technology progress was the key factor that affected the total factor productivity of oilseed rape in Yangtze River Basin, the guiding role of technology advancement, improvement of technical efficiency and technical management could become the new power of oilseed rape development. While, the focus of future sustainable development of oilseed rape production varied according to local conditions.

  Agricultural Modernization Since the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China 2017, 7 (4):  84-89.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16110032 Abstract + ( 962 )   PDF ( 1170KB )   ( 1010 ) The research on agricultural modernization has a long history. After the 16th National Congress of the Communist Part of China, China’s agricultural policy has undergone a fundamental change. With the development of modern agriculture as the focus, issues of agriculture, farmer and rural area have achieved great success, practice promoted scholars’research on the connotation, characteristics, path selection, index system construction and other aspects of agricultural modernization. With the putting forward of harmonized development of "four modernizations" and the coordinated development of the "five modernizations "in China, theoretical research on agricultural modernization has a new connotation. The theoretical research results of the characteristics, paths, and index system and evaluation method of agricultural modernization are enriched under the harmonized development of "four modernizations" and the coordinated development of the "five modernizations" in China. This paper explores the new features, new path and new index system of agricultural modernization by combing the theoretical achievements of researches on China’s agricultural modernization since the 16th National Congress of the Communist Part of China, providing references for the further transformation and upgrading of Chinese agriculture and making of relevant policies.

  Aesthetic Analysis of HorticulturalSIndustry in theSConstructionSof NewSCountryside in China 吴文江,李永洲,吴国良,尚军华,周富强 and 魏新娜 2017, 7 (4):  90-94.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16100020 Abstract + ( 649 )   PDF ( 1018KB )   ( 911 ) Horticultural as an important branch of agriculture, has occupied more and more important position in people"s life. Modern horticultural has changed from a solution of people"s food problem singly to some comprehensive emerging industries which provide people with health and organic food, and to meet people"s aesthetic and entertainment needs. Horticultural industry development can drive and promote the construction of new countryside. Combined with the new rural construction and horticulture industry can promote economic and social development of our country, from a certain extent, it also solve the problems of urban and rural development and SruralSareasSandSfarmers" effectively. Through analysising the development trend of horticulture industry, then leads to the necessity and importance to the development of horticulture industry under the guidance of aesthetic concept. From the value of ornamental, economic and ecological of the aesthetic value of horticultural industry, and put forward the role of horticulture industry in the construction of new countryside. In the end, this paper takes the case of Heyin pomegranate industry base(which in Xingyang, Henan Province)to do further analysis. And also, it looks into the future development of horticultural industry and the problem of SruralSareasSandSfarmers".

  Development Content of Agricultural Industry Competitiveness in Mountainous Area Based on Endogenous Development 2017, 7 (4):  95-100.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16120009 Abstract + ( 710 )   PDF ( 1125KB )   ( 796 ) As the basis of the development of mountainous agricultural industry competitiveness, endogenous development concept determines its development content. The development of the mountainous agricultural industry competitiveness is a concrete manifestation of the endogenous development. In order to improve the competitiveness of mountainous agricultural industry comprehensively, the paper taking the Wuling Mountain, Fujian Mountain, Yunnan Mountain, Guizhou Mountain, Taihang Mountain and Lvliang Mountain as research objects, analyzes the development conditions of the agricultural industry in different regions based on the endogenous development concept. Through its agricultural industry competitiveness in-depth study and empirical analysis, the paper gives some practical and effective development strategies.