Abstract: Aims to solve the problems of severe scarcity of water resources, water pollution, a contradiction between the decline of water use and grow of grain demand, a mismatch between grain production and water resource distribution and unsustainable transport of grain from north to south, we put forward agricultural water resource sustainable use strategies including regional rebalance of grain production according to water resources, green water strategy (effective use of precipitation) and water resource replacement by technology, unconventional water and international trade. At the same time, we proposed several proposals such as developing cropping systems adapted to water resource, strengthening technological innovation for watersaving agriculture, upgrading water saving irrigation technology, setting up compensatory mechanisms for a shift of agricultural water uses and improving dietary pattern.