Abstract: Fish fingerling is the foundation and key element for development of aquaculture industry, it determines the yield and quality of fish. In this paper, we summarized the production status of Chinese tilapia fingerlings from four aspects: distribution, variety structure, production technology and industrial chain, analyzed the existing problems, such as weak supervision, limit coverage of good varieties, lack of professionals, high mobility of technical workers, cost increase of production and operational risk. Furthermore, we put forward some corresponding countermeasures for development, such as strengthening breeding research to improve the construction of tilapia fingerling breeding system, raising the threshold of fingerling production and establishing a market access system, perfecting the system of fingerling traceability, and developing countermeasures for the prevention and treatment of tilapia streptococcal diseases.