Current issue

• 2018 Vol.8 No.9 Published:19 September 2018

  Oat: Multiyear High-yield Experiment in the Same Site in North Hebei 曹丽霞,,, and 2018, 8 (9):  1-8.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas17050029 Abstract + ( 645 )   PDF ( 1334KB )   ( 632 ) To clarify the fertility and adaptability of main application oat varieties in Bashang of Hebei, the authors analyzed the average yield, coefficient of variation of the high yield test results of 6 oat varieties for 7 years (2009-2015), identified that,‘bayan 4’and‘bayou 3’could be classified as the special varieties of forage,‘baiyan2’,‘bayou 9’and’bayou 1’could be classified as the special varieties for processing, earlymaturing varieties‘bayou 6’and‘baiyan 2’could be used as the relief varieties in single cropping area, and more adapt to the two cropping area. The results showed that: (1) under good soil fertility level, the average grain yield from high to low was:‘bayan 4’>’bayou 6’>’bayou 1’>’bayou 9’>’baiyan 2’>’bayou 3’; the average yield of biomass from high to low was:‘bayan 4’>’bayou 3’>’bayou 1’>’bayou 9’>’bayou 6’>’ baiyan 2’; (2) under good soil fertility level and weather condition, hulled oat variety‘bayan 4’got the highest grain yield of 6861.0 kg/hm2 and the highest biomass of 14571.0 kg/hm2 in 2009; naked oat variety‘bayou 6’ had the highest grain yield of 5494.5 kg/hm2 in 2012,‘bayou 3’had the highest biomass of 12507.0 kg/hm2 in 2014;‘bayan 4’and‘bayou 6’were most potential varieties for grain yield; (3) the varieties had good resistance and relatively stable yield, and adapted to different application directions and planting areas. The experiment fulfilled both seed production and variety evaluation.

  Effects of High Temperature Stress on Growth and Some Physiological Indices of Potato Seedlings 2018, 8 (9):  9-14.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18030018 Abstract + ( 805 )   PDF ( 1723KB )   ( 478 ) High temperature stress could seriously inhibit the growth and development of potatoes, leading to the decline of production and cause serious economic losses. To study heat resistance mechanism of potatoes, we analyzed the effect of potato seedlings’ growth conditions and some physiological indices under high temperatures. [Method]We tested the superoxide anion(O2-),malondialdehyde(MDA),hydrogen peroxide(H2O2) and proline(PRO) contents and the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD), peroxidase(POD), and catalase(CAT) of potato seedlings under the high temperature treatments. The phenotypic changes before and after the high temperature treatment were also recorded. [Result]The results indicated that the high temperatures have certain effects on plant shape, leaf size and growth conditions. The contents of SOD was rising first and then decreased; values of POD and CAT were decreased first and then increased. Meanwhile, the contents of O2-, MDA, H2O2,and PRO were all increased during the examination period. [Conclusion]In summary, the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and increased membrane oxidation in potato seedlings were the reasons that may cause the damages to potatoes under high temperatures.

  Soft Rot of Amorphophallus and Its Control Research Progress 严泽生 and 2018, 8 (9):  15-19.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas17070011 Abstract + ( 655 )   PDF ( 1196KB )   ( 645 ) Soft rot is the catastrophic disease of Amorphophallus, and its control is the essential technical aspect in the production. The studies on the soft rot control were focused on chemical control, biological control, agricultural control and application of plant genetic engineering and so on, which had been made some progresses. The soft rot and various ways of its control were reviewed, which aimed to provide a reference in methods for the integrated control and reducing the incidence in the production of Amorphophallus.

  Effect of Biochar on Soil Nitrogen and Phosphorus Transformation and Loss 2018, 8 (9):  20-26.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas17050013 Abstract + ( 656 )   PDF ( 1191KB )   ( 732 ) Concerning the environmental problems caused by soil non-point source pollution, in recent years, domestic and international research is focusing on reducing the loss of soil nitrogen and phosphorus. The authors summarize the research progress of chemical repair passivation agent biochar on the conversion and loss of nitrogen and phosphorus in soil. Biochar with its special material structure and physical and chemical properties directly affects the presence of nitrogen and phosphorus in soil. Biochar can increase the adsorption of nitrogen and phosphorus to improve crop survival and yield, improve soil physical and chemical properties and play a vital role in reducing the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus; it can also reduce nitrogen and phosphorus loss in soil surface water and soil, reduce ammonia volatilization loss and improve fertilizer efficiency. Biochar has great potential in promoting nitrogen and phosphorus uptake and adsorption, improving nitrogen and phosphorus transformation and reducing nitrogen and phosphorus loss in farmland. In the future, more researches are needed in exploring biochar’s role in environmental pollution control and sustainable utilization.

  Biochar Affects Carbon and Nitrogen Conversion Under Different Nitrogen Application Rates in Tobacco-planting Soil 2018, 8 (9):  27-32.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas17110018 Abstract + ( 685 )   PDF ( 1188KB )   ( 465 ) A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of biochar on carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) conversion under different nitrogen application rates in tobacco-planting soil, and select the optimum amount of N application. Five treatments were set as: no N and no biochar (CK), and 1600 kg/hm2 biochar with four nitrogen levels: 0 kg/hm2(N0), 37.5 N kg/hm2 (N1), 52.5 N kg/hm2 (N2) and 67.5 N kg/hm2 (N3). The effect of biochar and nitrogen fertilizer on key enzyme activities of C and N cycle and the available nutrients was analyzed. The results showed that the activities of soil urease and sucrose were improved significantly under the application of biochar and nitrogen fertilizer, and the content of soil available nitrogen was significantly increased, the highest content of soil available nitrogen was 261.86 mg/kg under N3 treatment, while, there was little effect on soil available phosphorus content. The nitrogen application could increase the content of soil available potassium 60 days after tobacco transplanting and the content of soil available potassium increased first and then decreased with the increase of N application. What’s more, biochar and nitrogen fertilizer application improved microbial biomass carbon and microbial entropy. The highest content of microbial biomass carbon and microbial entropy were 355.00 mg/kg and 3.01% under N3 and N2 treatment, respectively. Generally, the combination application of biochar and 67.5 kg/hm2 N is the optimum practice in central Henan Province.

  Spatial Distribution of Top Soil Nutrients in Cotton Field of Shaya Co 2018, 8 (9):  33-38.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas17050036 Abstract + ( 439 )   PDF ( 2052KB )   ( 346 ) The study aims to understand the nutrient distribution characteristics in cotton topsoil and to optimize the regulation of soil nutrient elements. The authors used statistical and spatial analysis methods, with the support of Surfer 8.0 software, analyzed the correlation of available nutrient elements in cotton field and carried out the normal distribution test. Then, the satellite remote sensing data of this study area were processed with ArcGIS and ENVI 5.0 software for scaling, atmospheric correction and geometric precision correction, and related data images were obtained. The results showed that (1) from the kurtosis value of organic matter, slowly available K, available P and available K, it was found that the data were relatively steep compared with normal distribution, namely sharp peak, while that of total N and available N showed relatively flat distribution compared with normal distribution; (2) the correlation characteristics of organic matter were different from those of other nutrient elements (available N, total N, available P, slowly available K and available K), but not significant; (3) all the data in Shaya were taken by the 0.05 test level, and obeyed normal distribution that could make the interpolation analysis; (4) the oasis in the north of the study area was mainly along the river, so the contents of nutrient elements in the north were rich; the southern part was near the Taklimakan Desert, which belonged to the arid area and lacked water resources, therefore the contents of nutrient elements were less.

  Forsythia Production Areas in Luonan County: Soil Condition Analysis 2018, 8 (9):  39-43.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18010006 Abstract + ( 485 )   PDF ( 1311KB )   ( 533 ) Luonan County is one of the three main producing areas of Chinese Forsythia. In this paper, Luonan County forsythia medicinal plants for the study of the distribution of the county soil’s condition of some areas:Yongfeng town, Lingkou Town, the town of Luoyuan, the origin of the preliminary study, through a comprehensive investigation, analysis and detection following results were obtained: ⑴Bollowing the distribution of the soil, the soil was Luonan County three-dimensional distribution, which mainly vertical distribution, as well as by the climate, hydrology, vegetation, topography, soil parent material into factors and human activities combined effects. ⑵By soil nutrient testing and evaluation of physicochemical properties, soil fertility compared to the town of Luoyuan is better than Yongfeng town and Lingkou Town. Luonan County forsythia Soil distribution and preliminary results of this study soil characteristics obtained, it is possible for the county due to soil cultivation, to solve the forsythia’s production problems in practice to provide technical information.

  Mesoscale Characteristics Analysis: A Sudden Severe Hail in Jianping, Liaoning 牛 丹 and 时 倩 2018, 8 (9):  44-51.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18010008 Abstract + ( 471 )   PDF ( 7545KB )   ( 242 ) Mesoscale analysis was conducted on a severe hail event in Jianping of Liaoning, the physical parameters of the hail and impending warning indexes of radar were analyzed to provide reference for shortimpending warning of hail. Based on conventional meteorological data, Himawari- 8 data, Doppler weather radar data and NCEP/FNL reanalysis data, we analyzed the synoptic situation and mesoscale characteristics. The results showed that: with strong vertical wind shear, wind shear between 850 hPa and 500 hPa was above 90°, the temperature between 850 hPa and 500 hPa was higher than 26℃. There was hydrostatic instability. The hail happened in the initial development of strong convective cloud to mature stage, and at this time the cloud generally showed the texture and umbra. The TBB was less than -50℃ for a long time. When the hail happened, TBB value declined rapidly. The super cell storms were bow shape, which had the radar characteristics of inflow boundary and echo areas, it also had high reflectivity core, the reflectivity greater than 55 dBz reached to -20℃, VIL value was higher than 60 kg/m2 and VIL density value was over 4 g/m3, the everlasting mid- latitude cyclone maintained the vortex character in super cell. The results show the environmental parameter characteristics and threshold value of radar index, providing reference for shortimpending warning of hail.

  Urban Effect on Regional Lightning Activities and Disaster Prevention 2018, 8 (9):  52-57.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18030022 Abstract + ( 424 )   PDF ( 1515KB )   ( 455 ) The paper aims to study the effect of urbanization construction on regional lightning, reveal changes of lightning activity caused by natural environment change, and provide a basis for lightning disaster prevention in different regions. We analyzed the cloud-ground lightning density, diurnal frequency, monthly frequency, seasonal variation and lightning current intensity of the selected urban and non-urban areas based on the lightning location data from 2007 to 2016 in 5 cities of Hubei. The results showed that: the urban lightning density was less than non-urban, and the urban effect reduced the probability of lightning in urban areas; the lightning frequency distribution of urban areas was larger than that of non-urban areas, and the average span value of time-sharing lightning of urban areas was significantly larger than that of non-urban areas; the urban area was affected obviously by local climate; the positive lightning proportion of urban areas was greater than that of non-urban areas in each month, and the lightning intensity of urban areas was larger than that of non-urban areas during lightning active phase. On the whole, the urban effect decreases the cloudground lightning density of the urban area and increases the intensity, and presents the instability such as big lightning current amplitude, thus the urban area is more prone to extreme thunderstorm events.

  Research Advances in Comprehensive Utilization of Ricinus communis Resources 2018, 8 (9):  58-63.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas17050031 Abstract + ( 566 )   PDF ( 1129KB )   ( 611 ) Ricinus communis, with extensive adaptability and highly resistance to salt stress, is usually considered as an important energy plant of ecological and economic value. It is necessary to analyze the value of Ricinus communis from the perspective of the comprehensive utilization in order to utilize it efficiently. Firstly, we introduced the application situation of castor seed oil and its derivatives in biodiesel and fine chemistry. Secondly, we concluded and summarized the role of Ricinus communis in salt alkali and heavy metal pollution remediation. Finally, we made a brief description on several aspects of ricin and ricinine, including the structure, mechanism as well as anti-tumor and anti-pesticides activities. At last we pointed out several problems existed in castor industry and put forward some suggestions for further development.

  Translocation of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium of Mushroom in Different Cultivation Mediums 2018, 8 (9):  64-66.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas17070026 Abstract + ( 472 )   PDF ( 1230KB )   ( 440 ) To study the translocation rule of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in different cultivation mediums and select the optimal cultivation medium for mushroom production,‘K5’was used as the material, and cultivation mediums were hardwood, mulberry trees, apple trees and jujube trees. The content change of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and the nutrient utilization of mushroom sticks in different cultivation mediums were detected. The results showed that the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in mushroom stick first increased and then decreased, and reached the highest when the color transform was completed. The contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of mushroom stick and their nutrient utilization rated were at a relatively high level in the jujube trees and apple trees. Therefore, from the nutrient utilization of mushroom stick, jujube trees and apple trees could be used as the cultivation medium instead of the traditional hardwood.

  Present Situation and Development Strategy of Tilapia Fingerling Production in China 2018, 8 (9):  67-70.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas17060016 Abstract + ( 565 )   PDF ( 1127KB )   ( 518 ) Fish fingerling is the foundation and key element for development of aquaculture industry, it determines the yield and quality of fish. In this paper, we summarized the production status of Chinese tilapia fingerlings from four aspects: distribution, variety structure, production technology and industrial chain, analyzed the existing problems, such as weak supervision, limit coverage of good varieties, lack of professionals, high mobility of technical workers, cost increase of production and operational risk. Furthermore, we put forward some corresponding countermeasures for development, such as strengthening breeding research to improve the construction of tilapia fingerling breeding system, raising the threshold of fingerling production and establishing a market access system, perfecting the system of fingerling traceability, and developing countermeasures for the prevention and treatment of tilapia streptococcal diseases.

  Application of HS-SPME/GC-MS in Volatile Components Analysis of Green Coffee Beans from Major Production Areas in Yunnan Province 2018, 8 (9):  71-79.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas17090015 Abstract + ( 472 )   PDF ( 1353KB )   ( 688 ) The paper aims to explore the volatile compounds and their relative contents of green coffee beans from major production areas in Yunnan Province, and find the characteristic chemical markers among different areas, as well as provide theoretical support for geographical origin traceability and flavor quality improvement of coffee beans. Green coffee beans from four geographical origins (Baoshan, Dehong, Lincang, and Pu’er) were used as experimental material in this study, the volatile compounds were determined by head-space solidphase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC-MS) and submitted to principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) for multivariate statistical analysis. The results indicated that a total of 42 volatile components were identified in green coffee beans, the acids were the dominant volatile components and their relative contents accounted for 32.96%, followed by ketones, alcohols, hydrocarbons, esters, and aldehydes sequentially. PCA was applied to the data matrix (12 samples × 10 variables), the first principal component explained the information of pyrazines, acids, aldehydes, and hydrocarbon, and the second principal component accounted for the information of alcohols and phenols. HCA results demonstrated that these coffee samples could be clearly differentiated according to their geographical origins, which was in accordance with the results of PCA. This study obtained the volatile components correlated greatly with samples from specified areas, and could provide a theoretical basis for geographical origin identification and traceability of coffee beans from Yunnan Province.

  Design and Realization of Meteorological Information Network Remote Monitoring System Based on Mobile Phone APP 王新清 and 哈斯塔木嘎 2018, 8 (9):  80-83.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18030027 Abstract + ( 612 )   PDF ( 1684KB )   ( 470 ) Aiming at the business requirements of meteorological information network real-time monitoring, based on the real-time monitoring network program of internal network, the construction idea was proposed based on smart phone APP‘Meteorological Information Network Remote Monitoring’, which could realize the modernization management of absence in network failure, remote control, find at first time and response timely. The system could also improve the work efficiency of network operation, relieve the workload of network management and improve the quick reaction capability of emergency. The APP was designed to provide realtime monitoring of network status to network administrators and improve the stable operation of the meteorological information network.

  The Enlightenment of Public Space’s Features of Traditional Villages to the Beautiful Village Construction 2018, 8 (9):  84-88.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas17090016 Abstract + ( 599 )   PDF ( 1077KB )   ( 571 ) Public space of traditional village has both landscape function and service function. Meanwhile it is the carrier of rural culture. To explore its regularity and characteristics plays an important role in beautiful village planning and village landscape''s promotion. On the basis of interpreting the concept of public space and the domestic and overseas research review, the authors analyzed the constituent elements, function change and the layout characteristics of public space in traditional village, and summarized the enlightenment of public space''s features of traditional villages for the beautiful village construction. It was concluded that the planning and design of current beautiful village should not only follow the principles of adjusting measures to local conditions, ecological and environmental protection, being people-oriented and reasonable layout, but also inherit and use the elements of traditional public space, and take certain measures of cultural inheritance considering public space as a carrier of regional culture. The research results can improve the quality of rural living environment, carry forward and inherit the local traditional culture, and have some references for future beautiful village construction.

  Current Situation and Development Trend of Agricultural Products’Safety Traceability System 2018, 8 (9):  88-94.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas17100017 Abstract + ( 526 )   PDF ( 1167KB )   ( 683 ) In recent years, there are frequent agri-food accidents both at home and abroad. The establishment of agri-food safety traceability system is one of the important technical measures to ensure the safety of agri-food, and has received more and more attention, and has been applied and promoted in the production and circulation of agricultural products. This paper first introduced the meaning and significance of agri-food safety traceability system, and then introduced the current situation of some developed countries and China''s agri-food safety traceability system in laws and implementation. According to this, some deficiencies including imperfect laws and standard system and immature technology were mentioned. And then, put forward some reasonable improvement directions such as government subsidies, and finally predicted one development trend of agri-food safety traceability system was to guide agricultural production and resource allocation through data analysis.

  Policy Initiatives of U.S. Urban Agricultural Development: A Case Study of Minneapolis 2018, 8 (9):  95-100.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18050032 Abstract + ( 516 )   PDF ( 1194KB )   ( 657 ) The experience of European and American countries shows that urban agriculture is playing a significant role in building sustainable cities and resilient cities. The United States is one of the countries that developed urban agriculture earlier. Taking the city of Minneapolis as an example, this study systematically sorted out the policies, plans, and measures for urban agricultural development，and discussed the controversy in the development of urban agriculture in the United States. It can be seen that urban agriculture in the United States has a close relationship with urban food fairness, urban healthy food systems and healthy community development. Urban agriculture has become a social governance tool under the goals and concepts of sustainable urban development. However, at the same time, the development of urban agriculture in the United States also has questions about economics, security, and sustainability. Compared with the United States, the development of urban agriculture in China still needs to further strengthen research on the synergy between urban development goals and comprehensive governance.