Abstract: With the development of environmental protection and sustainable development of economy and society, the issue of exhaust emissions from fishing vessels has gradually attracted the attention of management and industry. Interviews were conducted in two provinces, Hunan and Jiangxi, 3 regions, Yueyang, Yuanjiang and Shangrao, and a field detection of ten fishing vessels was carried out with the Smoke Test Instrument, including eight wood ships and one steel ship, whose length were all below 12 m and the total power was less than 44.1 kW. Total nine oil samples were taken and sent to the national professional organization through a professional transport company for testing and analysis. The results showed that the index of CO emission of three fishing boats did not reach the discharge standard of the third stage, which was less than 5.5 g/kWh, in the high and low running speed conditions, the other six fishing boats of that were all reached the discharge standard, reaching the standard rate was 83.3%. According to the classification requirements of GB252-2015 ordinary diesel oil, all oil samples meet the requirements and the passing rate is 100%. On the whole, the exhaust emissions from fishing boats in inland China have less impact on air quality. There is almost no correlation between the emission and the service life of diesel engine. To reduce the exhaust emissions, the fuel quality should be improved, and the development and application of the exhaust gas after treatment system should be strengthened. The overall emission of fishing vessels in inland is better, but there is still room for further improvement.