Abstract: Agricultural material is the material basis for the development of modern agriculture. The validity of agricultural material supervision is considered as the insurance of a continuous increase in rural incomes. This paper elaborated the development and the present situation of agricultural material market in our country, and indicated that the digital security traceability was the key technique of the security traceability of agricultural material. From the perspective of IoT technology, technical principles and application of digital security traceability in agricultural material supervision were elaborated. The elaboration was accomplished by taking examples of radio frequency identification and bar code technology. The functional comparison between the digital security traceability technologies and the traditional anti-counterfeiting trademark revealed the future development trends of the security traceability of agricultural material in China. Countermeasures to promote the development of digital security traceability in agricultural material in China were suggested.