Abstract: The vertical distribution characteristics of soil nutrients and enzymes of different soil layers in National Sorghum Breeder Seed Propagating Base are studied to provide a basis for maturity of soil and scientific fertilization. Soil nutrients’content and enzyme activities are analyzed in 0-20, 20-40, 40-60, 60-80 and 80-100 cm soil layers. The results showed that the vertical distribution of soil nutrients and enzymes had obvious regularity, according to the grading standard, total nitrogen, alkali solution nitrogen, organic matter content of surface soil in the base were at grade level 4, total potassium and available potassium were at level 3, total phosphorus and available phosphorus were at level 2. The content of organic matter, total phosphorus and the available nutrients in the higher layers were higher than that in lower layers, which decreased with the depth of soil layer. The content of total nitrogen had no significant difference between different soil layers, and the total potassium content first increased then decreased with the increase of soil depth. Soil enzyme (except catalase) activities in the upper layers were higher than that of the lower soil layers, decreased with the depth of the soil layer. There was a close relation between soil enzyme activities and soil nutrients, except the total nitrogen and total potassium, soil enzyme activities had significant or extremely significant correlation with alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content (with the exception of acid phosphatase), available potassium content, total phosphorus, available phosphorus and organic matter. Soil alkali nitrogen and organic matter content increased with soil depth, whose change range was more than that of other nutrients’content. In the process of soil maturity, organic fertilizer and available nitrogen fertilizer should be reapplied.