Current issue

• 2019 Vol.9 No.5 Published:21 May 2019

  New Winter Wheat Variety‘Changmai 6197’with Drought Resistance and High Yield: Breeding 2019, 9 (5):  1-4.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18030023 Abstract + ( 607 )   PDF ( 1086KB )   ( 399 ) Wheat is the main cultivated crop in Shanxi, and its yield in dryland decides total wheat yield of the province. So, breeding wheat varieties with drought-resistance and high, stable yield is an important way to increase wheat planting area and yield in dryland. After phylogenetic crossbreeding, a new high yield wheat variety‘Changmai 6197’was selected; in the regional trials of the late-mature winter wheat region in central Shanxi in 2015 and 2016, 2-year average yield of the variety was 5466 kg/hm2, which was 6.5% higher than that of the control variety‘Chang 6878’; in the 2017 yield test in the same region, the average equivalent yield of‘Changmai 6197’was 5547 kg/hm2, which increased by 9.2% compared with that of‘Chang 6878’. ‘Changmai 6197’has compact plant type, good stalk elasticity, drought resistance, lodging resistance, frost resistance, resistance to dry stem, high yield and stable yield, and good grouting and yellowing, and was approved by the Shanxi Crop Variety Approval Committee in December 2017. It is suitable for planting in dryland in late-mature winter wheat areas in central Shanxi.

  Main Agronomic Characters of Sweet Sorghum Germplasm: Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis 2019, 9 (5):  5-9.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas19010006 Abstract + ( 541 )   PDF ( 1300KB )   ( 395 ) To understand the diversity of germplasm, explore beneficial genes and improve breeding efficiency of sweet sorghum, we carried out the genetic variation, correlation, principal component and cluster analysis of 7 agronomic characters of 15 sweet sorghum germplasm resources. The results showed that: the variation coefficient of brix was the largest (31.22%) and that of stem diameter was the smallest (7.73%) among the 7 agronomic characters; the correlation analysis showed that plant height was significantly and negatively correlated with stem diameter, and was negatively correlated with 1000-grain weight and weight of grains per panicle; the correlation between brix and the other 6 characters was weak; the principal component analysis showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the plant type factor, the grain yield factor and the bix factor was 83.115% , reflecting the genetic information of the 7 agronomic characters; the 15 sweet sorghum germplasm resources could be divided into 4 types with cluster analysis, the difference of agronomic characters among the 4 types was obvious; the Ⅲ and Ⅳ type with superior characters could be further excavated and utilized as a core germplasm resource.

  Long-term Continuous and Rotation Cropping: Effect on Photosynthetic Characteristics, Roots Configuration and Yield of Dry-land Millet 2019, 9 (5):  10-14.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18090004 Abstract + ( 381 )   PDF ( 1257KB )   ( 397 ) This study aims to provide theoretical and technical support for overcoming the continuous cropping obstacles of millet and achieving sustainable production of farmland in dryland areas. Comparing annual single- order rotations cropping with long- term continuous cropping, the effects on the photosynthetic characteristics, root configuration and yield of dry-land millet are studied. The results show that the rotation cropping increases the yield, leaf chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate by 22.02%, 20.58% and 15.34% , respectively, which are significantly higher than that of the continuous cropping. Compared with continuous cropping, the rotation cropping significantly improves the growth of root with different diameter ranges, it obviously increases the specific root length (SRL), specific root surface area (SRA), root volume and root tip density in different diameter ranges (0.5 ≤mmdiameter≤1.0 mm: every index increases by 92.17%, 62.94% , 72.73% , 75.08% , respectively, diameter ≥1.0 mm: every index increases by 44.09% , 86.32% , 86.37% , 181.71% ). It is concluded that the rotation cropping could enhance the photosynthetic index parameters and root index parameters, alleviate the obstacle of continuous cropping and thus increase the millet yield.

  Integrated Chemical Control Technologies of Summer Maize Pests and Diseases in the Eastern Henan Plain 2019, 9 (5):  15-19.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18080018 Abstract + ( 512 )   PDF ( 1231KB )   ( 402 ) Using "Zhengdan 958" as a test material, 8 kinds of chemicals were selected, and 10 treatments were set up to conduct field trials. The results showed that seed coating had good control effect on corn underground pests and Laodelphax striatellus. 31% oligosaccharide ? Thiofenil seed coating + 14% chlorantran ? high chlorofluorocarbon sputum spraying, corn mites control effect is 90.35%～93.96%, locust control effect is 91.82%～92.72%, both are significantly higher than Spray separately. Spraying 18.7% of acyclovir, azoxystrobin, 75% of pyrazole, azoxystrobin, and tebuconazole have good control effects on corn leaf spot and southern rust. In the tasseling period, the control effect on small spot disease, brown spot disease and southern rust was 18.3%, and the azoxystrobin was 83.36%, 76.51%, and 78.93%, respectively; 75% of the ethiazole and azoxystrobin were 79.25. %, 75.76%, 83.81%; 75% sputum and tebuconazole were 76.32%, 82.83%, and 74.51%, respectively. Different drug treatments significantly increased yield compared to

  A Quarantining Sugarcane White Leaf Found in Cane-growing Regions in Ximeng, Yunnan Province 2019, 9 (5):  20-23.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18120017 Abstract + ( 411 )   PDF ( 1352KB )   ( 310 ) The study investigated whether the sugarcane disease found in cane-growing regions in Ximeng, Yunnan Province in 2018 was sugarcane white leaf caused by phytoplasma. We performed nested PCR with phytoplasma universal primer pairs (P1/P7 and R16F2n/R16R2) to identify 16S rRNA genes for detection of SCWL phytoplasma in 10 suspected SCWL samples collected from Ximeng. Amplified products were cloned, sequenced and analyzed. The results of nested PCR showed that about 1240 bp nested PCR amplified fragment could be obtained from all 10 samples. The sequencing results showed that the 10 16S rRNA gene sequences were all 1247 bp in length and the nucleotide identity between the sequences was 100%. BLASTN analysis revealed that all nucleotide sequences amplified from the diseased plants shared 100% sequence similarity with the nucleotide sequence of 16S rRNA genes from SCWL phytoplasma isolates LC7 and LC9 from Lincang, Yunnan Province (Genbank accession no. KR020691 and KR020692). The virtual RFLP analysis indicated that the virtual RFLP patterns of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the Ximeng isolates were identical with those of subgroup 16SrXI-B. Thus, we confirm that sugarcane disease in Ximeng, Yunnan Province is SCWL caused by subgroup 16SrXI-B phytoplasma.

  Control Effect of Several Herbicides on Broadleaf Weeds in Dryland Flax Field 2019, 9 (5):  24-27.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18040009 Abstract + ( 483 )   PDF ( 1238KB )   ( 532 ) To screen out herbicides with high efficient and safe control effect on broadleaf weeds in flax field, spraying treatments after sowing before seedling emergence were completed by 6 mixed combinations of 5 herbicides. The results showed that: 42% atrazine SC 1500 mL/hm2 + 80% oxadiargyl WP 180 g/hm2 combination was safe for flax in recommended dose and the seedling emergence rate of flax was 53.01%, showing excellent control effect on broadleaf weeds in flax field. After 45 days, the control effect of plant and fresh weight was 97.96% and 98.4%, respectively. Thus, 42% atrazine SC 1500 mL/hm2 + 80% oxadiargyl WP 180 g/hm2 with water consumption of 900 kg/hm2 for soil surface spray treatment on the first day or the second day after sowing has good control effect and can be widely used in production.

  Synthesis of O-amido Diphenyl Urea and Its Application on Crops 2019, 9 (5):  28-32.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18060024 Abstract + ( 519 )   PDF ( 1285KB )   ( 402 ) To find new plant growth regulators with high activity, the intermediate 2-amino-N-[3-(dimethylamino) propyl] benzamide was synthesized by using isatoic anhydride and DMAPA as the raw material. Phenyl isocyanate was added to the target compound N- [3- (dimethylamino) propyl]- 2- (3- phenylureido) benzamide. The structure was confirmed by elemental analysis and 1H NMR. Then, the efficacy was tested on wheat, apple and tomato. The results showed that in the wheat experiment, when the target compound was at a low concentration of 25 μg/mL, the germination promotion rate reached 32.6% and the high concentration had an inhibition effect. At 12.5 μg/mL, the main root promotion rate reached 36.3%, and the activity was better than that of the control DA- 6 and clear water, the field yield increased by 17.3% ; in the apple field experiment, the VC content increased by 35.0%, the soluble sugar content increased by 5.87%, and the single fruit yield increased by 25.2%, which was better than that of the control compound diphenyl urea; in the tomato field experiment, at 50 μg/mL, the number of fruits per plant was 12 and the increase rate reached 35.3%, which was better than that of the control of clear water. The research indicates that the target compound has high biological activity, and provides references for the synthesis and activity study of new plant growth regulators.

  Vertical Distribution of Soil Nutrients and Enzymes in National Sorghum Breeder Seed Propagating Base 2019, 9 (5):  33-37.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18020018 Abstract + ( 459 )   PDF ( 1154KB )   ( 340 ) The vertical distribution characteristics of soil nutrients and enzymes of different soil layers in National Sorghum Breeder Seed Propagating Base are studied to provide a basis for maturity of soil and scientific fertilization. Soil nutrients’content and enzyme activities are analyzed in 0-20, 20-40, 40-60, 60-80 and 80-100 cm soil layers. The results showed that the vertical distribution of soil nutrients and enzymes had obvious regularity, according to the grading standard, total nitrogen, alkali solution nitrogen, organic matter content of surface soil in the base were at grade level 4, total potassium and available potassium were at level 3, total phosphorus and available phosphorus were at level 2. The content of organic matter, total phosphorus and the available nutrients in the higher layers were higher than that in lower layers, which decreased with the depth of soil layer. The content of total nitrogen had no significant difference between different soil layers, and the total potassium content first increased then decreased with the increase of soil depth. Soil enzyme (except catalase) activities in the upper layers were higher than that of the lower soil layers, decreased with the depth of the soil layer. There was a close relation between soil enzyme activities and soil nutrients, except the total nitrogen and total potassium, soil enzyme activities had significant or extremely significant correlation with alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content (with the exception of acid phosphatase), available potassium content, total phosphorus, available phosphorus and organic matter. Soil alkali nitrogen and organic matter content increased with soil depth, whose change range was more than that of other nutrients’content. In the process of soil maturity, organic fertilizer and available nitrogen fertilizer should be reapplied.

  Land Use and Land Cover Change in Northern Shanxi: 2008 - 2013 王国玲,,, and 2019, 9 (5):  38-43.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas19010034 Abstract + ( 389 )   PDF ( 1862KB )   ( 471 ) The study aims to understand the influence of human activities on land use and land cover change (LUCC) in northern Shanxi, and provide a basis for the rational utilization of land resources, the optimization of land use pattern and the promotion of coordinated regional economic and social development. Using the TM remote sensing image data from 2008 to 2013 in northern Shanxi, with the technical support of ERDAS and ArcGIS, image processing data were interpreted, and a land use change transfer matrix was established. Land use and land cover change in the five years was studied. The results showed that during the period of 2008- 2013, the cultivated land area in northern Shanxi decreased by 62561.10 hm2, the forest land increased by 55774.23 hm2, the land for residential, industrial and mining construction increased by 22895.49 hm2, the grassland decreased by 15395.60 hm2, the area of the water area increased by 1090.24 hm2, and the area of the unused area was reduced by 1803.29 hm2. The status is related to the ecological construction, rapid development of urbanization, sustained economic growth and other human activities in the research area during the study period. In summary, during 2008-2013, great changes have taken place in land use and land cover change in northern Shanxi.

  Standard Complex of Tomato Soilless Culture: Construction and Application 2019, 9 (5):  44-47.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18080026 Abstract + ( 398 )   PDF ( 1175KB )   ( 360 ) The standard complex of tomato soilless culture is established in Beijing by adopting the concepts of comprehensive standardization of agriculture. Through the field application in Beijing Xinnonghua planting specialized cooperative, the standard complex of tomato soilless culture could solve the problems in production, simultaneously improve the economic benefits, social benefits, detection levels, and agricultural brands, give full play to the supporting effect of standardized technology on income and production increase of tomato industry, in order to optimize the tomato production standard system.

  Effects of Foliar Fertilizers on Fruit Qualities and Leaf Growth of Grape Cultivars 2019, 9 (5):  48-54.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18090011 Abstract + ( 380 )   PDF ( 1282KB )   ( 392 ) To explore the influence of different foliar fertilizers on grape fruit quality and leaf growth, five kinds of foliar fertilizers were utilized on three grape cultivars,‘Summer Black’,‘Kyoho’, and‘Jumeigui’, during different grape growing stages. After spraying, the fruit quality index and leaf growing characteristics were investigated. The results showed that, the influences of different foliar fertilizers on the fruit quality and leaf growth were significantly different. Combined spraying of different foliar fertilizers could have better result. Furthermore, there are significant differences among cultivars in regarding to the fruit quality and leaf growth after spraying. For‘Summer Black’, the fruit quality was significantly improved. The quality index had no significant difference between the treatments and CK1 (spraying water) in‘Kyoho’grape; however, the leaf growth index increased significantly after spraying foliar fertilizer. The fruit quality of‘Jumeigui’had no significant change after spraying foliar fertilizer, but the leaf growth index such as chlorophyll content and leaf area increased significantly, and the general changing trend was not obvious. Taken together, the utilization of different foliar fertilizers simultaneously could increase the fruit quality more effectively than using only one type of foliar fertilizer. Fruit quality and leaf growth of different cultivars have different responses to foliar fertilizers. Furthermore, the effectiveness of foliar fertilizers is closely related to soil fertility, soil properties, and absorbing ability of grape plant itself. Therefore, the foliar fertilizer should not be used blindly during grape production. KH2PO4 is less expensive, and has better effect, which can be recommended.

  Effects of Fertilization on Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Accumulation in Roots and Leaves of‘Yulu Xiang’Pear During Different Growing Stages 2019, 9 (5):  55-61.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18090018 Abstract + ( 380 )   PDF ( 1306KB )   ( 328 ) To clarify the effects of fertilization on the accumulation of N, P and K in‘Yulu Xiang’pear during different growing stages, 10- year- old‘Yulu Xiang’pear tree was selected as the research object, and experimental groups with different fertilizer ratios of N, P and K were set up. The results found that N, P, and K level showed a downward trend with the growth and development of‘Yulu Xiang’pear trees. N fertilizer increased the level of N, P and K in roots in the germination stage and in roots, leaves in the fruit-expanding stage, and inhibited the accumulation of N and P in roots during the flowering stage. K fertilizer could promote the accumulation of K in roots of in the germination and fruit-setting stage, but down-regulated N and P level in roots in the germination stage, K level in roots in the flowering stage. P fertilizer significantly inhibited the accumulation of P and N in roots in the germination stage, and promoted P and N level in the flowering stage, and N, P and K level in the fruit enlargement stage. The present study suggests that the accumulation of N, P and K in the roots and leaves are affected by the fertilizer composition and growth cycle of‘Yulu Xiang’ pear, and interaction effect of different factors should be fully considered in fertilization.

  Monitoring Thermal Properties of Brick Wall Solar Greenhouse 2019, 9 (5):  62-68.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18100014 Abstract + ( 338 )   PDF ( 2061KB )   ( 442 ) The paper aims to understand the thermal properties of Chinese solar greenhouse with brick wall (CSG-bw) and provide support for the standardized design of CSG. The temperature and heat flux of CSG-bw of different time were analyzed. The results showed that: (1) the soil of 0-20 cm and the brick wall of 0-25 cm were the heat storage layer in the CSG-bw; (2) during the monitoring, the ratio of heat storage to the heat release per unit area for brick wall and soil was 58.5% and 42.8%, respectively; (3) the soil and wall of the CSG-bw could store heat during the day and release heat to the air indoor during the night, the released heat from the brick wall and soil to the indoor air was 3.5 and 6.9 MJ/m, respectively; the released heat from frontand back roof to the outdoor was 10.7 and 2.3 MJ/m, respectively, but the released heat from wall and soil was 0.64 MJ/m higher than the heat lost through front and back roof; (4) the external surface of CSG-bw kept releasing heat during the day, the ratio of heat released was 76.1%, 10.7%, 11.5% and 1.7% of the total heat released for the front, back roof, back wall and side wall at night, respectively, without considering other heat loss pathway. Base on the above results, it is proposed that the comprehensive engineering method should be used to improve thermal environment, which can reduce the cost of building of CSG-bw and store the heat reasonably.

  Weather Phenomena in Deyang: Temporal and Spatial Distribution and Their Effects on Agriculture 2019, 9 (5):  69-72.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18050012 Abstract + ( 403 )   PDF ( 1303KB )   ( 414 ) The paper aims to accurately grasp the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of weather phenomena in Deyang, analyze their impacts on agricultural production, conduct fine local meteorological forecast, issue accurately and early warning signals, promote precise meteorological services and provide a scientific basis for automatic weather observation station layout. By using Excel statistical charts, 25 kinds of weather phenomena were statistically analyzed after the summary of artificial observation of weather phenomena at 5 stations in Deyang from 1981 to 2010. The results showed that: only 20 phenomena were monitored in Deyang; the annual average frequency of light fog, dew and rain were more than 50%; the glaze, blowing snow, tornado, dust devil and aurora never happened.

  Climatic Ecological Characteristics and Climate Risk of Crayfish Breeding in Qianjiang 徐琼芳, and 2019, 9 (5):  73-77.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18030025 Abstract + ( 454 )   PDF ( 1307KB )   ( 458 ) Based on the aquatic products data of Fisheries Bureau of Qianjiang City and the climate data of Qianjiang meteorological station from 1988 to 2017, the influence of geographical and geomorphological characteristics and climatic ecological characteristics on crayfish breeding was analyzed, and the climate risks were discussed. The results showed that Qianjiang was full of lakes and rich in natural bait, which was advantageous to the development of crayfish breeding industry. Qianjiang had abundant rain, warm climate and sufficient light energy, the geographical and meteorological conditions of Qianjiang provided excellent climate and ecological environment for crayfish breeding. There was little extreme weather in Qianjiang city, but the disastrous weather was very harmful to crayfish breeding, there was certain climate risk. The authors pointed out that the possible damages to crayfish breeding could be caused by heavy rain, high temperature heat damage, strong cooling (low temperature cold damage) and other disastrous weather, and put forward corresponding measures for scientific breeding of crayfish.

  On the Application of Micro-course in Higher Vocational College: Taking Teaching of Modern Vegetable Production Technology as an Example 2019, 9 (5):  78-81.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas19040011 Abstract + ( 360 )   PDF ( 1112KB )   ( 343 ) With the development of informatization, micro-course, as a new method of education and teaching, has more often been designed and developed for competitions rather than for its application in teaching practice in higher vocational colleges. This research, conducted on the characteristics of vegetable production technology, made micro-courses on the important points(skills), such as vegetable grafting technology, bed planting seedling, and the difficult points, exercises and extracurricular training activities in the teaching of vegetable production and applied them in the teaching of vegetable production technology, which have achieved good teaching effects. It not only promotes students’ mastery of important skills and difficult points, attracts their attention easily, arouses their interest in learning, but also improves their independent learning and expands their scope of knowledge to a certain extent.

  MarketSinSHebeiSProvinceZhang Xin-shi1,Wang Gui-rong1,Pu Na-na2,Wang Ya-nan3,Li Yan4,Guo Xue-hong5, 王桂荣,,, and 2019, 9 (5):  82-86.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18110015 Abstract + ( 462 )   PDF ( 1324KB )   ( 425 ) Sino- US trade is one of the most influential in the world. The trade dispute between the two countries has escalated with the US President''s‘America first’policy. The United States imposes additional tariffs on Chinese imports. According to the principle of reciprocity, China listed American wheat in an import tariff list on June 18, 2018. Based on the analysis of the development advantages and existing problems of wheat industry in Hebei, this paper studies the impact of the increasing American wheat import price on Hebei, which is a main wheat producing province in China. It can be seen that imposing tariffs on the imported American wheat has little impact on the wheat industry in Hebei in the short term, and in the long run, the advantages to the development of wheat industry in Hebei outweigh the disadvantages, which can promote the development of high- quality wheat industry. Based on this, the article proposes corresponding countermeasures from the aspects of high-quality wheat industrialization management, standardization system construction, and expanding wheat import from the Belt and Road countries, so as to promote the development of high-quality wheat industry in Hebei.

  Application of Leisure Agriculture in Modern Agricultural Parks: Taking the Modern Forest Fruit Industrial Park in Luannan as an Example 2019, 9 (5):  87-92.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18080013 Abstract + ( 494 )   PDF ( 1289KB )   ( 429 ) The paper aims to explore the combined elements of leisure agriculture and modern agricultural parks by analyzing the adaptability of leisure agriculture elements in specific regions (modern agricultural parks), so as to make leisure agriculture a pivot for efficient development of modern agricultural parks. Taking the forest fruit industrial park of Luannan as an example, we analyzed the combination points of modern agricultural park type and leisure agriculture in Hebei, as well as the embodiment of leisure elements in the park, analyzed the development thinking of leisure agricultural park and the application factors of leisure agriculture in the study area and so on, and found the deficiencies, thus to conclude that building leisure elements of modern agricultural park should take into consideration of the advantages of regional characteristics, resources and environment, and human elements, and rely on scientific and technological strength to improve the workforce quality and promote the integration of the primary, secondary and tertiary industry.

  A Preliminary Study on the Construction of Professional and Technical Talents in Hainan Agricultural Research Institute ——A Case Study of the Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences 2019, 9 (5):  93-96.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas19030012 Abstract + ( 500 )   PDF ( 1108KB )   ( 380 ) Professional technicians are the important force for the development of agricultural research institutes. The construction of current research team is discussed through the analysis of the agricultural research institutes in Hainan Province. Meanwhile, some advises are proposed, such as improving the accuracy of talent introduction, adjusting the talent distribution according to demand, accelerating reform of the human resources management mechanism and paying attention to construction of high-level talent team, which could be of certain significance to the enhancement of agricultural talents’building.

  Selecting the Improving Path of Agro-product Quality from the Perspective of Consumption Choice Trend 2019, 9 (5):  97-100.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18120026 Abstract + ( 474 )   PDF ( 1015KB )   ( 358 ) The 19th national congress of the CPC has made important deployment of the rural revitalization strategy, which requires the development of high quality agriculture and the primary task is to improve the quality of agro-products. The current trend of agro-products’consumption choice is the pursuit of safe, high quality, characteristic and healthy products. This paper analyzes the mismatch of the agro-products’supply and demand and the causes, and accordingly put forward suggestions of strengthening scientific research to promote the whole-process quality control technology, enhancing the information service and the supervision to improve the agro-product quality to meet consumers’demand.