Abstract: The paper aims to discuss the best combination of organic matter composting with vegetable wastes and the effect of adding microbial agent. The Biolan compost bin was used as a compost fermentation silo, and vegetable wastes were used as raw materials. The composting fermentation experiment was conducted by adding rice straw, weeds to adjust the water content and C/N. The treatments included treatment 1 (vegetables+ rice straw), treatment 2 (vegetables+ rice straw+ weeds), and treatment 3 (vegetable+ rice straw+ microbial agent). The changes in temperature, moisture content, pH value, C/N, and germination index (GI) of each treatment were measured. The results showed that vegetable wastes can be composted by adding straw and weeds to achieve reduction, harmlessness, and recycling. The treatment with the microbial agent was completed on the 37th day of composting, while the treatment without the microbial inoculum required 50 days under the same condition. The addition of exogenous microorganisms can significantly increase the composting temperature, prolong the time of high-temperature composting, accelerate the decomposition rate of organic matter, and shorten the fermentation cycle of composting. The addition of microbial agents can promote compost maturity and reduce the adverse effects of compost products on plant germination and growth.