Abstract: To solve the issue of large consumption of woods or introduction of cottonseed hulls from other provinces for cultivating rare edible fungus Pleurotus cornucopiae, an experiment of cultivating P. cornucopiae in asparagus straw matrix mixed with corncob, sawdust, wheat brans and so on was carried out; the growth speed, biological efficiency, input-output ratio and economic benefit of hyphae in the matrixes of different formulas were statistically analyzed. According to the experiment results, P. cornucopiae in matrixes with different formulas grew well; when asparagus straw content was 80%, the ventilation of the matrix was good and hyphae grew fast; with the increase of corncob in the matrix, the ventilation became worse and hyphae grew slower. In view of the output of P. cornucopiae, for the matrix with 70% corncob, 10% sawdust, 13% wheat bran, 3% soybean meal, 3% lime and 1% plaster (formula 5), the output was the highest and biological efficiency was 70.52%; for the matrix with 80% asparagus straws, 13% wheat bran, 3% soybean meal, 3% lime and 1% plaster (formula 1), the output was the lowest and biological efficiency was 60.54%. According to comprehensive analysis of the economic benefit, the input-output ratio of formula 1 was the highest: 1:5.45, and its cost was about 23.97% lower than that of formula 5.