Current issue

• 2019 Vol.9 No.10 Published:22 October 2019

  Breeding and Cultivation Techniques of Disease-resistant High-yield Maize Cultivar‘Jindan83’ 2019, 9 (10):  1-5.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18080003 Abstract + ( 1429 )   PDF ( 1145KB )   ( 611 ) Aiming at the problems of serious diseases in maize production and lack of disease-resistant and high-yield hybrid cultivars, based on high disease-resistant germplasm groups, excellent selfing lines were selected after backcrossing, targeted inoculation and detection of combining ability in the early generation. New variety‘Jindan83’was hybridized with excellent selfing line‘X136-4’as female parent and‘X232’as male parent. This high-yield and disease-resistant variety was examined and approved by Shanxi Province in 2011.‘Jindan83’has high resistance to stalk rot and maize dwarf mosaic disease, resistance to ear rot and rough dwarf disease, moderate resistance to head smut and northern corn leaf blight. The crude starch content of seeds is as high as 76.14%. The average yield of the regional test is 9630.8 kg/hm2, which is 6.4% higher than that of the control group, the yield of production test is 9976.5 kg/hm2, 6.8% higher than that of the local control varieties. The seed production technology of the variety is not only simple, but also high yield and low cost. The associated cultivation techniques are put forward, including early planting in appropriate period, rational close planting, scientific formula fertilization, water-saving irrigation and integrated prevention and control of diseases, pests and weeds. The variety is suitable for promoting and planting in southern Shanxi multiple cropping area and Huanghuaihai summer maize area.

  Distribution and Yield Gap of Ramie Production in China During 2001-2016 2019, 9 (10):  6-12.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18070031 Abstract + ( 429 )   PDF ( 1439KB )   ( 455 ) To improve ramie production and narrow its yield gap, data from national statistics and 40 counties surveyed by China Agriculture Research System for Bast and Leaf Fiber Crops were studied. After reviewing the changes in production distribution and yield dynamics, yield gap and its driving factors were analyzed. The results showed that: (1) during 2001-2016, the planting area of ramie decreased but the production distribution was optimized, the ramie production region shifted from the middle reaches to the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and shifted from plain-lake area to mountain area; (2) besides improving ramie yield per unit area, the gap between actual farm yield and potential farm yield was widening, still, the ways of improving yield was depended on labor and production means, narrowing the yield gap would increase the total output by 29.1% at current planting area; (3) the development modes varied in different regions, and policies were important driving force of the industry. For a sustainable development of ramie production, we suggest that: industry of multi-use ramie should be enhanced in response to the decreasing planting area; planting techniques should be simplified for narrowing yield gap; reducing labor and material input should be critical aspects for developing farming skills in the future.

  Investigation on the Occurrence and Damage of Amygdalus mira Perforation Disease in Linzhi 2019, 9 (10):  13-17.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas19040003 Abstract + ( 525 )   PDF ( 1746KB )   ( 300 ) Perforation disease has become one of the important leaf diseases of Amygdalus mira that severely affects its growth and life span in Linzhi, Tibet. In 2017 and 2018, the A. mira perforation disease incidences were investigated in different regions of Linzhi, to clarify the occurrence and pathogenic factors of the disease. The results showed that A. mira perforation disease was commonly occurred in all investigated areas, and different regions had different degrees of disease incidence. The average leaf rate and disease index were 26.85% and 9.28, respectively. As also, the disease was initially and severely occurred at the end of June and August, respectively, and the highest leaf rate was 89.45% at the end of August. In addition, the altitude, relative humidity, tree age and living habitat were considered as the main factors that related to the disease occurrence. Under the condition of lower altitude, higher relative humidity, more closed ecological environments and older trees, the disease could be more serious. The study can provide references for controlling A. mira perforation disease in Linzhi, Tibet.

  Agro-biogas Combination Development Mode: Typical Cases and Mode Optimization 2019, 9 (10):  18-22.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.cjas18060012 Abstract + ( 338 )   Agro-biogas mode has diversified types and low benefit, and its current research has the problem of one-sidedness. We analyzed the whole industrial chain of agro-biogas mode by using 6 typical cases with different scales, breeding types and biogas fertilizer utilization methods in Shandong. The results clarified the structure, function and deficiency of the mode, indicated its relationship with environment and resource, revealed the technical bottleneck for the mode’s application and found 4 key factors to fulfill the good operation of mode; also we presented an optimized program according the scale matching of planting-breedingbiogas, circular chain extending, resource value increase and circular path shortening. The optimal mode should meet some key conditions, including the technology for appropriate utilization of biogas fertilizer and environmental safety, breaking the boundary between agriculture, livestock and biogas engineering, improving compensation and distribution mechanisms, thus to realize the dynamic integration of planting and breeding industry.

  The Disastrous Thunderstorm and Gale on June 21, 2017: Characteristics Analysis 2019, 9 (10):  23-28.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas19010031 Abstract + ( 371 )   PDF ( 2717KB )   ( 448 ) To further explore the formation mechanism of thunderstorm and gale in Baoding and to prevent the occurrence of agrometeorological disasters in advance, based on the conventional observation data and daily NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data of 6 h, we analyzed a thunderstorm and gale occurred in eastern Baoding and Xiong’an on June 21, 2017. The results showed that: the mesoscale convergence line and cold pool were the direct trigger mechanism; there were two free convection eights (LFC) in Beijing T-lnP; the thunderstorm and gale was prone to trigger in the front area of the strongest negative temperature and positive pressure; the thunderstorm and gale was near the tongue of high energy; weak cold advection in the boundary layer was beneficial to the formation and strength of the horizontal front; the increase of negative values of MPV2 in the whole layer and the coupling of vertical helicity between high and low constituted the typical mode of the thunderstorm and gale. The gale was in front of high trough, the coordination between weather systems at the upper and lower troposphere together with instability conditions were very beneficial to the development of severe convective weather. According to the ground mesoscale system, warning signals could be sent at least 10-20 minutes in advance.

  Cultivating Pleurotus cornucopiae in Asparagus Straw 2019, 9 (10):  29-32.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas19040014 Abstract + ( 394 )   PDF ( 1271KB )   ( 362 ) To solve the issue of large consumption of woods or introduction of cottonseed hulls from other provinces for cultivating rare edible fungus Pleurotus cornucopiae, an experiment of cultivating P. cornucopiae in asparagus straw matrix mixed with corncob, sawdust, wheat brans and so on was carried out; the growth speed, biological efficiency, input-output ratio and economic benefit of hyphae in the matrixes of different formulas were statistically analyzed. According to the experiment results, P. cornucopiae in matrixes with different formulas grew well; when asparagus straw content was 80%, the ventilation of the matrix was good and hyphae grew fast; with the increase of corncob in the matrix, the ventilation became worse and hyphae grew slower. In view of the output of P. cornucopiae, for the matrix with 70% corncob, 10% sawdust, 13% wheat bran, 3% soybean meal, 3% lime and 1% plaster (formula 5), the output was the highest and biological efficiency was 70.52%; for the matrix with 80% asparagus straws, 13% wheat bran, 3% soybean meal, 3% lime and 1% plaster (formula 1), the output was the lowest and biological efficiency was 60.54%. According to comprehensive analysis of the economic benefit, the input-output ratio of formula 1 was the highest: 1:5.45, and its cost was about 23.97% lower than that of formula 5.

  Technology of Storage and Preservation of Kiwifruit: Advances 周会玲,刘 焕 and 王 甜 2019, 9 (10):  33-37.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18070021 Abstract + ( 669 )   PDF ( 1223KB )   ( 1430 ) This paper summarized the technology of storage and preservation of kiwifruit. It analyzes the factors affecting the storage and preservation of kiwifruit, expounds the development of kiwifruit storage and preservation technology through pre-harvest and post-harvest aspects, reviews the application of spraying calcium, chlorine dioxide and chitosan coating before harvesting and post- harvest physical, chemical and biological preservation technologies. Finally, the development status of the industry is discussed from storage methods, cultivation management, transportation and preservation systems, and the development of natural preservatives, etc.

  Selenium-enriched Plum: Study on Production Technology 2019, 9 (10):  38-41.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18100003 Abstract + ( 377 )   PDF ( 1265KB )   ( 325 ) To stabilize and improve plum production benefits, using organic selenium-enriched liquid fertilizer produced by Longxing Chemical Co., Ltd, of Changsha, we determine the selenium enrichment effect of the fertilizer on plums at maturity by applying different dosages at different periods of plum growth. The results showed that: during fruit enlargement period (when fruit size was 5 mm), by spraying selenium- enriched organic fertilizer at 3000 mL/hm2, 3750 mL/hm2 by adding 450 kg water on the plum leaves evenly, the content of selenium in mature plum pulp could be enriched to 0.0255, 0.0296 mg/kg, respectively, meeting the national standards of selenium- enriched fruit, at the same time, soluble solids, vitamin C, and soluble sugar were increased, fruit shape and commodity were improved. The specific application method is: during fruit enlargement period (fruit size of 5 mm), spraying selenium-enriched organic fertilizer at 1500 mL/hm2 with 450 kg water evenly on plum leaves, and spraying 1 more time after 15 days. The method can stabilize and improve the production benefits of selenium- enriched plums, and promote the targeted poverty alleviation in plum producing areas such as hilly regions and mountainous areas.

  Eeffects of Two Top Pruning on Growth of Young Mother Trees in Orchard of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica 2019, 9 (10):  42-47.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas19040017 Abstract + ( 367 )   PDF ( 1295KB )   ( 347 ) Effects of two kinds of top pruning on the growth of young mother trees in orchard of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica were studied to provide a theoretical management basis. The young mother trees of P. sylvestris var. mongolica in Yulin, Shaanxi Province were selected as the research object, and they were pruned by top 2- wheeled branches (L2) and top 3-wheeled branches (L3). The effects of the two top pruning methods L2 and L3 on 7 growth indices of tree height, ground diameter, crown width, under crown height, clear bole height, annual branch length, biennial branch length, sprout number of young of P. sylvestris var. mongolica were studied. The results showed that both L2 and L3 inhibited the growth of tree height of young trees of P. sylvestris var. mongolica. They obviously promoted the growth of ground diameter and crown width of the young trees of P. sylvestris var. mongolica. The order of annual branch length and biennial branch length of L2, L3 and control group was L3> L2> control group. Top pruning methods L2 had no significant effect on annual branch length and biennial branch length. Top pruning methods L3 had no significant effect on annual branch length but had significant effect on biennial branch length, and could obviously promote the growth of branch length. Both L2 and L3 had no significant effect on biennial branch length and sprout number of young P. sylvestris var. mongolica. In conclusion, the two top pruning methods have different effects on the growth of young mother trees, and L3 is more suitable for the management of young mother trees of P. sylvestris var. mongolica.

  The Combined Pot Culture in Beijing and Hohhot: A Study 2019, 9 (10):  48-52.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18060018 Abstract + ( 344 )   PDF ( 1246KB )   ( 350 ) Using field investigation and questionnaire method to investigate the flower markets and the combined pot culture in public places in Beijing and Hohhot, we aim to provide references for the popularization of combined pot culture and the formation of combined pot culture with Chinese characteristics or regional characteristics. The results show that: common ornamental plants could be used in combined pot culture; on the basis of the investigation and summary of the previous study, combined pot culture are divided into 29 categories; the container’s material quality, form and shape are very diverse; the adornments include natural one and artificial one, but their application are limited. The results of questionnaire survey also show that consumers of the combined pot culture in Beijing and Hohhot are dominated by people of 20-35 years old, who usually prefer the herbaceous plants, showy flowers and succulent plants, and personalized ceramic containers are popular, and the decision to buy combined pot culture is depended on the plant conservation and the price. It is suggested to breed and develop rural flowering shrubs suitable for combined pot culture, strengthen the landscape design, develop convenient wall-mounted containers, and promote the knowledge of plant conservation.

  Sepiolite with Different Particle Sizes: Effects on Removing Heavy Metal Cadmium in Aquaculture Environment Under Experimental Simulation 2019, 9 (10):  53-58.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18060009 Abstract + ( 301 )   PDF ( 1525KB )   ( 383 ) The paper aims to study whether nanometer-grade sepiolite could be used to remove heavy metal cadmium in aquatic environment. Under the condition of a laboratory simulation, we constructed 2 aquatic ecosystems with the exposure levels of Cd 50 μg/L and 100 μg/L respectively, and compared the effects of 2 kinds of sepiolite (common particle size and nanometer size) on the removal of heavy metal cadmium in fishery water and aquatic products. The results showed that: within 10 days, Cd had a bio-concentration process from water body to fish body; we then used the sepiolite powder of 0.03 g/L to sprinkle the water body, and discovered the adsorption removal ability of nanometer sepiolite to Cd was superior to that of common particle size, the adsorption stability was also better; after adsorption removal, the content of Cd in the muscle of edible parts of fish body was lower than that before the treatment (on the 10th day), but it was not significant, and the high concentration treatment group still exceeded the relative standard; although sepiolite especially the nanoparticle size sepiolite could effectively remove Cd in the fishery water, but the bio- concentration and accumulation effect resulted in the non-significant decrease of the Cd content in the fish body. The study suggests that: the Cd polluted water body should be remedied before the start of fishery aquaculture in order to meet the fishery water quality standard, so as to ensure the quality and safety of aquatic products for marketing.

  Tail Water of Aquatic Animal Culture: Control Strategy 逯云召,李楠 and 王永辰 2019, 9 (10):  59-64.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18100012 Abstract + ( 533 )   PDF ( 1241KB )   ( 875 ) At present, most tail water of aquatic animal culture is discharged into the environment directly, which has caused severe environmental pollution. To control the emission of aquaculture tail water effectively, the following strategies to farmers and policy managers in terms of thoughts and actions are put forward in line with the principle of overall systematicness and practicability: (1) to understand and maintain China’s basic state policy for environmental protection; (2) farmers need to improve their management level and establish new farming models; (3) managers should set up regional and intensive resource utilization and treatment standards of tail water emission, establish and improve relevant laws and insurance systems, and strengthen the governance.

  Correlation Analysis of SPAD Value and Photosynthetic Pigment in Sugarbeet Leaves 2019, 9 (10):  65-70.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18070007 Abstract + ( 403 )   PDF ( 1410KB )   ( 456 ) The paper aims to clarify the correlation between SPAD value and photosynthetic pigment content in sugarbeet leaves, and provide a basis for nitrogen nutrition diagnosis of sugarbeet. The leaf SPAD value, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll content and carotenoid content in leaves of sugarbeet varieties at seedling stage were measured, and the differences of SPAD value, chlorophyll content and the correlation of SPAD value with different photosynthetic pigments were analyzed. The results showed that there were differences in chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, carotenoid and SPAD values among varieties, chlorophyll a content> chlorophyll b content> carotenoid content in sugarbeet leaves. There was a positive correlation between leaf SPAD value and chlorophyll content, in which the correlation between total chlorophyll content and SPAD value was the highest (r=0.7766), followed by the that between chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b content and SPAD value, while the correlation between carotenoid and SPAD value was the lowest (r=0.5704). Therefore, it is feasible to use SPAD value to predict the content of chlorophyll in beet leaves and diagnose plant nutrition rapidly and nondestructively in beet production.

  Total Coumarin Compounds of Viburnum sargenti Koehne: Research Progress 2019, 9 (10):  71-74.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18070012 Abstract + ( 353 )   PDF ( 1376KB )   ( 483 ) In the study of Viburnum sargentii Koehne, it has been found that it contains red pigment, phenols, coumarin, flavone and other compounds. It has pharmacological and edible health effects. It has been widely used in food and drug fields. In this paper, the morphological characteristics, pharmacological effects and coumarin compounds were introduced, and the structure analysis of coumarin compounds and the optimal extraction process were reviewed. It will provide some reference for further research on the genus pod.

  The Technique and Mechanism of Injury Induction to Inhibit Fresh-cut Potato Browning 2019, 9 (10):  75-83.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas19010002 Abstract + ( 338 )   PDF ( 1539KB )   ( 464 ) To solve the browning problem of fresh-cut potatoes usually occurred during shelf-life storage and to develop a new technique with stable effect and simple operation on inhibiting browning, injury induction treatment was applied in the study to prevent the browning of fresh-cut potato. Injury induction treatment was conducted by cutting off surface tissues at the both ends of each potato with cutting or scraping and the condition were 5 °C or 20 °C for 12, 18 or 36 h. Scrape injury induction treatments effectively inhibited the browning of fresh-cut potatoes and the best treatment condition was 20 °C for 18 h, which prolonged the shelf life of fresh-cut potatoes for 4d. Compared with control, injury induction treatment significantly inhibited the activity of PPO, PAL and the content of total phenolics and MDA, increased the activity of SOD, POD and DPPH inhibition rate. The result showed that the injury induction treatment enhanced the antioxidant activity and reduced membrane permeability and lowered the accumulation and enzymatic oxidation of phenolics browning which inhibited the browning of fresh-cut potatoes. The treatment provided a new method to restrain the browning of fresh-cut potatoes during processing and storage.

  Comprehensive Economic Benefits of Rice-duck Biological Interaction 唐世凯,, and 2019, 9 (10):  84-88.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas19010019 Abstract + ( 371 )   PDF ( 1284KB )   ( 331 ) The effects of rice- duck biological interaction and rice monoculture on rice growth, yield and quality were studied in field experiments for many years. The results showed that the biological interaction mode of rice-duck did not affect the biological characters and yield composition of rice in field but could prolong the growth period of rice properly, and improve rice quality to a certain extent, and improve the market competitiveness of ecological rice industry. The mode could effectively reduce the use of pesticides and fertilizers, reduce agricultural residue, raise the quality safety of rice, promote agro-ecological safety and the development of green industry, and improve the comprehensive economic benefits of rice and the net income per unit land area. The mode of rice-duck biological interaction is a new and effective way for the development of agricultural industry, the prosperity of rural areas and the increase of farmers’income in rice area, which could effectively improve productivity per unit land area and increase equivalent land efficiency. It could serve as an way to solve the problems concerning Sannong (which are agriculture, rural community and farmers).

  Promoting Various Forms of Moderate Scale Management of Agriculture in China: Urgency, Advantages and Disadvantages and Development Proposals 赵颖文,, and 2019, 9 (10):  89-94.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas19020001 Abstract + ( 327 )   PDF ( 1158KB )   ( 467 ) To break the dilemma of“who will farm”and“how to farm”in China, based on the urgency analysis of promoting the moderate scale management of various agriculture forms in China, the favorable factors and practical obstacles at present stage were distinguished and analyzed. The study suggests that four issues should be emphasized in the concrete practice of promoting moderate scale management of various agriculture forms, first, clarify the target; second, confirm the operation entity; third, identify the business object; fourth, choose the reasonable path for development.

  SWOT Analysis on Guangxi Se-enriched Dendrobium candidum Industry Development 2019, 9 (10):  95-100.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18110017 Abstract + ( 481 )   PDF ( 1462KB )   ( 356 ) Selenium- rich industry is highlighted in Guangxi. The authors studied the development of the selenium-rich Dendrobium candidum industry through on-the-spot investigation and found the problems such as a late start, sluggish development, limited scale, nonstandard cultivation techniques and backward processing technology. By the method of literature research, the authors summarized the successful experiences of agricultural products’ development in other regions, and put forward the following countermeasures in combination with the industrial condition in Guangxi, including government support in fund and policies for the growth of enterprises, extending the industrial chain to cooperate with other industries for interactive development, taking the mode of research + base to standardize the production and establishing standardizing production bases, optimizing processing techniques to ensure products’quality and enrich products’category, regulating the marketing procedures and building brands of local selenium-rich products, thus to explore a new mode of industrial development.