Abstract: In view of the problem of rural non-point source pollution caused by chemical fertilizers and livestock wastes, the effects of organic fertilizer replacement on the growth and nutrient utilization of typical vegetables were explored in the combination of planning and breeding areas. The east Henan area was selected and the field plot test method was applied to compare the effects of different organic fertilizer substitution ratios on the yield, quality and fertilizer utilization rate of Brassica campestris, and determine the best substitution ratio. The results showed that: under the condition of basic fertilization amount (20.00 gN/m2, 9.68 gP2O5/m2), the partial replacement of chemical fertilizer by organic fertilizer could guarantee its high yield and quality, improve nitrogen and phosphorus contents and nutrient utilization of B. campestris. The yield of some organic fertilizer replacement groups increased slightly compared with the 100% fertilizer group (H5). Furthermore, the replacement of organic fertilizer reduced the content of nitrate and nitrous in B. campestris by up to 28.13% and 83.64%. The 75% organic fertilizer replacement group (H2) had the highest soluble sugar content, which was 1.55 times that of the fertilizer group. In addition, the organic fertilizer replacement proportion of highest nitrogen and phosphorus utilization was 75% and 50%, which was 1.64 times and 1.31 times that of the fertilizer group respectively. In conclusion, the optimal ratio of organic fertilizer replacement proportion was 75%, which could ensure the high yield and quality of B. campestris and increase the utilization rate of nitrogen and phosphorus. So the results of this study could provide a scientific basis for the regional determination of organic fertilizers to replace fertilizers rationally. It is an important way to reduce fertilizer use, decrease the risk of nitrogen and phosphorus loss and control non-point source pollution.