Effects of Meteorological Elements on Dry Matter Weight of Spring Maize in Semi-Arid Areas and Its Stress Effect

doi:10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0179

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to master the effects of climate change on the growth, development and yield formation of dryland maize and to provide a theoretical basis for spring maize to cope with extreme climate and disaster prevention and mitigation in semi-arid regions, the methods of linear regression, polynomial function and correlation analysis were adopted to study the stress effects of meteorological factors on dry matter accumulation of maize by using the dry matter observation data and meteorological factor data of maize for 29 consecutive years from 1994 to 2022. The results showed that the dry matter accumulation of maize fluctuated greatly between years in the past 29 years, and the effects of climate change on dry matter accumulation and growth rate were inconsistent. Meteorological factors had less influence on dry matter weight during the nutritional growth period and more influence during the reproductive growth period; precipitation was the most important meteorological factor affecting the dry matter weight of maize in semi-arid areas, while cumulative temperature and sunshine could basically meet the needs of maize growth and development, and the amount of dry matter accumulation was mainly affected by the precipitation from the seven-leaf stage to the tasseling stage, the cumulative temperature from the tasseling stage to the milk stage ≥10℃ and the sunshine hours from the tasseling stage to the maturing stage, and the drought and early autumn rains were the major stress factors for the maize in Longdong area; the dry matter weight was mainly determined by the reasonable matching degree of light, heat and water after the elongation stage, and the critical period of effective dry matter weight growth was from 10 days after flowering to 60 days after flowering. The accumulation of effective dry matter weight was directly affected by grouting speed and grouting period. This study can provide a reference for coping with climate change in dry crop maize in the northwest Loess Plateau under the background of climate change.

Key words: meteorological elements, semi-arid zone, spring maize, dry matter weight, impact, stress

ZHOU Zhongwen, LIU Ying, QIU Ninggang, ZHANG Tianfeng, ZHANG Wen, DU Jun. Effects of Meteorological Elements on Dry Matter Weight of Spring Maize in Semi-Arid Areas and Its Stress Effect[J]. Journal of Agriculture, 2024, 14(7): 94-100.

Figures/Tables 8

References 32

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发育期	单株干物重/（g/株）							生长率/（g/株·d）
发育期	三叶	七叶		拔节	抽雄	乳熟	成熟	七叶	拔节	抽雄	乳熟	成熟
平均	0.09	1.26	33.20		133.65	303.56	445.48	0.35	7.17	23.11	28.81	30.83
最大	0.17	2.70	56.80		232.90	492.72	670.09	0.80	13.59	41.20	46.79	57.31
最小	0.00	0.63	15.64		84.45	149.90	224.66	0.16	2.60	2.10	6.10	1.50

发育期	单株干物重/（g/株）							生长率/（g/株·d）
发育期	三叶	七叶		拔节	抽雄	乳熟	成熟	七叶	拔节	抽雄	乳熟	成熟
平均	0.09	1.26	33.20		133.65	303.56	445.48	0.35	7.17	23.11	28.81	30.83
最大	0.17	2.70	56.80		232.90	492.72	670.09	0.80	13.59	41.20	46.79	57.31
最小	0.00	0.63	15.64		84.45	149.90	224.66	0.16	2.60	2.10	6.10	1.50

项目		播种—七叶	七叶—拔节	拔节—抽雄	抽雄—乳熟	乳熟—成熟	营养生长期	生殖生长期	全生育期
干物重最大年	降水量/mm	94.5	59.3	103.3	72.8	24.0	153.8	200.1	353.9
	≥10℃积温/℃	520.5	349.2	633.9	612.1	487.9	869.7	1733.9	2603.6
	日照时数/h	243.7	179.0	265.6	192.0	196.8	422.7	654.4	1077.1
干物重最小年	降水量/mm	46.5	9.5	19.1	95.0	20.2	56.0	134.3	190.3
	≥10℃积温/℃	548.0	471.1	491.5	803.8	452.1	1019.1	1747.4	2766.5
	日照时数/h	298.8	215.6	175.2	289.7	164.2	514.4	629.1	1143.5

项目		播种—七叶	七叶—拔节	拔节—抽雄	抽雄—乳熟	乳熟—成熟	营养生长期	生殖生长期	全生育期
干物重最大年	降水量/mm	94.5	59.3	103.3	72.8	24.0	153.8	200.1	353.9
	≥10℃积温/℃	520.5	349.2	633.9	612.1	487.9	869.7	1733.9	2603.6
	日照时数/h	243.7	179.0	265.6	192.0	196.8	422.7	654.4	1077.1
干物重最小年	降水量/mm	46.5	9.5	19.1	95.0	20.2	56.0	134.3	190.3
	≥10℃积温/℃	548.0	471.1	491.5	803.8	452.1	1019.1	1747.4	2766.5
	日照时数/h	298.8	215.6	175.2	289.7	164.2	514.4	629.1	1143.5

发育期	三叶	七叶	拔节	抽雄	乳熟	成熟
播种—三叶R	-0.0174	-0.3045	0.0612	0.3797*	0.2441	0.2077
三叶—七叶R		-0.1088	-0.0832	0.0794	0.2151	0.1796
七叶—拔节R			0.2789	0.3159	0.1313	0.2429
拔节—抽雄R				0.117	0.4266*	0.3879*
抽雄—乳熟R					-0.1125	-0.0932
乳熟—成熟R						-0.0898
全生育期R	0.0583	-0.1861	0.2342	0.1477	0.2356	0.2754