Study on Characteristics of Blueberry Cultivation Substrates in Yunnan Province Based on Production Practice

doi:10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2025-0008

Abstract

Abstract:

This study aims to provide scientific basis and practical guidance for the optimization and improvement of blueberry substrate cultivation in Yunnan Province. 12 blueberry substrate cultivation bases with the same planting variety and tree age in Yunnan Province were selected. Substrate samples were collected during the full fruit period, and indicators such as bulk density, EC value, pH, air porosity, water holding capacity, steam-water ratio, ≤1 mm weight, >1 mm weight, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium were measured and evaluated using the membership function comprehensive analysis method. The results showed that there were extremely significant differences in various indicators of the substrates in different bases. The order of membership degree from large to small was Yanshan> Lanping> Mengzi> Shilin> Yulong> Chengjiang> Jingdong> Mile> Jianshui 2> Jianshui 1> Qilin> Qiubei. The Yanshan base had the highest comprehensive score, and its substrate ratio was coconut husk: peat: perlite= 2:1:1; the Lanping base was second, with a substrate ratio of coconut husk: peat: perlite= 4:3:3; the Mengzi base ranked third, with a substrate ratio of coconut husk: coconut block: perlite= 2:1:2. The research analysis found that the addition of peat improved the substrate performance, but there is relatively less high-quality peat on the market. It is recommended to prioritize coconut husk as the main component of the substrate in production and appropriately add perlite to improve the physical properties of the substrate. The substrate formula can be adjusted according to the actual situation to achieve the best cultivation effect.

Key words: substrate characteristics, substrate formula, production practice, membership function, nutrient management, blueberry, comprehensive analysis

SU Zechun, YANG Yanlin, HE Zhijiao, BI Hailin, MU Yongqing, HE Jianping, HE Jiawei. Study on Characteristics of Blueberry Cultivation Substrates in Yunnan Province Based on Production Practice[J]. Journal of Agriculture, 2025, 15(7): 44-50.

Figures/Tables 6

References 27

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序号	采集地	东经/°	北纬/°	基质配比
1	石林	102.84	24.14	椰糠:椰块:珍珠岩=1:2:1
2	建水1	104.16	24.69	椰糠:草炭:珍珠岩=1:1:3
3	弥勒	99.56	24.16	椰糠:椰块:珍珠岩=1:1:3
4	砚山	103.38	23.81	椰糠:草炭:珍珠岩=2:1:1
5	丘北	102.89	24.26	椰糠:珍珠岩=2:1
6	景东	100.26	25.26	椰糠:草炭:珍珠岩=4:1:1
7	澄江	103.30	26.62	椰糠:椰块:珍珠岩=4:1:5
8	玉龙	103.36	27.30	椰糠:珍珠岩:原土=8:1:1
9	麒麟	104.43	100.96	椰糠:珍珠岩=2:3
10	建水2	103.86	23.71	椰糠
11	兰坪	24.90	23.59	椰糠:草炭:珍珠岩=4:3:3
12	蒙自	102.77	23.46	椰糠:椰块:珍珠岩=2:1:2

序号	采集地	东经/°	北纬/°	基质配比
1	石林	102.84	24.14	椰糠:椰块:珍珠岩=1:2:1
2	建水1	104.16	24.69	椰糠:草炭:珍珠岩=1:1:3
3	弥勒	99.56	24.16	椰糠:椰块:珍珠岩=1:1:3
4	砚山	103.38	23.81	椰糠:草炭:珍珠岩=2:1:1
5	丘北	102.89	24.26	椰糠:珍珠岩=2:1
6	景东	100.26	25.26	椰糠:草炭:珍珠岩=4:1:1
7	澄江	103.30	26.62	椰糠:椰块:珍珠岩=4:1:5
8	玉龙	103.36	27.30	椰糠:珍珠岩:原土=8:1:1
9	麒麟	104.43	100.96	椰糠:珍珠岩=2:3
10	建水2	103.86	23.71	椰糠
11	兰坪	24.90	23.59	椰糠:草炭:珍珠岩=4:3:3
12	蒙自	102.77	23.46	椰糠:椰块:珍珠岩=2:1:2

成分	特征值	方差贡献率/%	累计贡献率/%
容重	5.410	49.178	49.178
通气孔隙度	2.463	22.389	71.566
EC	0.985	8.958	80.524
pH	0.734	6.670	87.195
全氮	0.603	5.478	92.673
全磷	0.356	3.235	95.908
全钾	0.238	2.162	98.07
持水能力	0.180	1.639	99.71
气水比	0.018	0.168	99.878
≤1 mm粒径重	0.010	0.094	99.972
>1 mm粒径重	0.003	0.028	100

成分	特征值	方差贡献率/%	累计贡献率/%
容重	5.410	49.178	49.178
通气孔隙度	2.463	22.389	71.566
EC	0.985	8.958	80.524
pH	0.734	6.670	87.195
全氮	0.603	5.478	92.673
全磷	0.356	3.235	95.908
全钾	0.238	2.162	98.07
持水能力	0.180	1.639	99.71
气水比	0.018	0.168	99.878
≤1 mm粒径重	0.010	0.094	99.972
>1 mm粒径重	0.003	0.028	100

基地	隶属函数值				D	排名
基地	U₁	U₂	U₃	U₄	D	排名
石林	0.2226	0.7878	0.4234	0.4301	0.4043	4
建水1	0.1082	0.0684	1	0.3189	0.2057	10
弥勒	0.0944	0.2844	0.5746	0.7453	0.2423	8
砚山	1	0.2243	0.7765	0.8485	0.7662	1
丘北	0	0	0.4268	0.7929	0.1045	12
景东	0.2918	0.2337	0.2611	0.8976	0.3201	7
澄江	0.4996	0.2547	0	0	0.3472	6
玉龙	0.2701	0.4034	0.359	0.7534	0.3504	5
麒麟	0.0083	0.1337	0.3974	0.8374	0.1439	11
建水2	0.2089	0.1544	0.3717	0.5322	0.2363	9
兰坪	0.2762	0.9477	0.2868	1	0.5051	2
蒙自	0.1314	1	0.7965	0.4167	0.4446	3