Abstract: Rhopalosiphum padi was the major pest in Southwestern wheat region. The toxicity of two chemical pesticides (fenvalerate-omethoate and abamectin-imidacloprid) and two botanical pesticides (capsaicin solution and garlic-onion-delicious onion solution) to Rhopalosiphum padi were tested in the laboratory and field. The results showed that, the aphids mortality was 100% soaked in chemistry pesticides and 76.7%-86.7% in botanical pesticides in the laboratory. The insecticide efficacy of abamectin-imidacloprid was first, fenvalerate-omethoate second, then capsaicin solution and garlic-onion-delicious onion solution in the field. In other words, Rhopalosiphum padi was sensitive to abamectin-imidacloprid (correction control effect over 90%), and was lower sensitive to two botanical pesticides (correction control effect 40.5%-50.8%). Besides, aphid population development was always influenced by bad meteorological factors such as wind and rain. In order to get better control effect, abamectin-imidacloprid can be chosen first and the related research of botanical pesticide needs to be strengthened.