Abstract: In order to provide a basis of breeding drought-resistant and high-yielding wheat varieties using marker-assisted selection technique, fertile spikelet number of main stem was investigated in a doubled haploid population derived from two common wheat varieties ‘Hanxuan 10’ and ‘Lumai 14’ in drought stress and normal irrigation conditions in 2010 and 2011 for analyzing quantitative trait loci (QTL) using composite interval mapping method based on mixed linear model. Seven addictive QTLs for fertile spikelet number with LOD scores ranging from 2.56 to 5.08 were detected on 2D, 4A, 6A, and 6B chromosomes respectively, and the phenotypic variations explained by each QTL ranged from 7.19% to 13.65%. Two pairs of epistatic QTLs with LOD scores of 5.24 and 5.47 were detected on 3A-6B and 4B-5B chromosomes, and the phenotypic variations explained by each pair of epistatic QTLs were 13.71% and 17.93%. Among QTLs detected the QFns-6A-2 was detected under normal irrigation condition in 2010 and under two water regimes in 2011, and can be used in marker-assisted breeding.