Abstract: The recent 30 years in Linan, with the planting structure, cropping system, fertilization habit and the crop yield changes, causes the farmland soil fertility. According to the eighty's before and after the early stages of the second general survey of soil and Soil Fertility Survey data during 2008-2010, the soil fertility of farmland in Linan city has undergone great changes, the results show that, the soil pH value decreased, topsoil thickness becomes shallow, organic matter, total nitrogen content decreased, nitrogen content is basically stable, the content of available phosphorus the upward trend, the lack of soil potassium content. In order to consider to increase crop production and improve soil fertility of two factors, soil should actively promote the use of straw, promotion of formula fertilization by soil testing and other technical measures, long-lasting way to increase crop production and improve soil fertility.