Abstract: The development process of UPOV Conventions was firstly reviewed in this paper, and the new variety protection status of tropical crops in China also briefly introduced. SWOT analysis adopted to analyze the strength, weakness, opportunity and threat in Chinese tropical crops breeding implementing the UPOV “Convention 1991”. The strength was abundant resources, important role of tropical crops, present breeding achievement, a broad market prospect, meanwhile, the weakness was lack of germplasm resources reverse, less of new variety property, unreasonable breeder structure, less input, weak consciousness. The opportunity was giving full play resources advantage, fosteing enthusiasm on new variety breeding, optimizing breeder structure, improving breeding level, strengthening the new variety protection international corporation. The challenge we face was strictly intellectual property striations, weak fields’impact, and restriction of farmer privilege. Four suggestions of breeding in Chinese tropical crops were put forward implementing the UPOV“Convention 1991”