Abstract: Under-forest economy is a kind of high efficient forestry circular economy and is the main form of the modern forestry industry, and is an important way to broaden forestry economic field, promote farmers′income and new countryside construction. From the operation mode, under-forest economy can be divided into four kinds of development modes which were under-forest planting, under-forest breeding, under-forest product processing, forest landscape use. In order to promote the healthy development of under-forest economy, the author has carried on the investigation and the analysis of under-forest development in Henan ,Anhui and Shanxi, summarized the main operation modes of under-forest economy in the middle area, analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of the various development modes. Then the author pointed out that the popularization of each mode should fully consider the climatic and market conditions so as to make a good plan for the development mode and scope of under-forest economy; species resources under forest should not be rigid piecing together and follow the same pattern. At last the author emphasized that development of under-forest economy must be on the condition of ecological environment protection, and highlighted the dominant position of forestry development to ensure the sustainable development of forest land.