Abstract: Aimed at the main problems in farmers’rice nutrient management in cold water paddy field in southern mountainous area in Anhui, the authors carried out the study on increasing crop yield and fertilizer utilization rate through reasonable regulation of nitrogen fertilizer and rational application of phosphorus, potassium and other nutrients. The status of rice nutrient management and the main problems in cold water paddy field were studied by using the method of household survey. The nutrients were regulated according to the cold water paddy field characteristics and rice nutrient absorption law. A special formula fertilizer for cold water paddy field was developed and proved by the demonstration experiment. The survey results showed that the difference of fertilization was obvious among farmers, and the excess and deficiency of fertilizer application coexisted at the same time. The unbalanced nutrient application and the highlight of nitrogen fertilizer application were common phenomena in the region. The nitrogen fertilizer application time was not reasonable and out of sync with rice growth and development. There was no comprehensive consideration of the environmental nutrient supply and rice nutrient dynamic demand characteristics. The special formula fertilizer could increase the crop yield. ccording to the demonstration experiment results, the cold water paddy field had the highest rice yield under the special formula fertilizer treatment, increased by 23.08%- 32.39% in comparing with that under farmers’habit of production, the yield increasing effect was stable. The increasing application of dolomite could increase rice yield by 8.95% in comparing with that under the special formula fertilizer treatment. Unreasonable rice nutrient management was the main reason for limiting rice yield increase in cold water paddy field in southern mountainous area in Anhui. Reasonable fertilization and management of nitrogen with rational application of other nutrients could significantly improve the rice yield.