Current issue

• 2016 Vol.6 No.4 Published:20 April 2016

  Rice Nutrient Management in Cold Water Paddy Field: A Case of Southern Mountainous Area in Anhui 2016, 6 (4):  1-6.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.casb15080036 Abstract + ( 1467 )   PDF ( 1211KB )   ( 841 ) Aimed at the main problems in farmers’rice nutrient management in cold water paddy field in southern mountainous area in Anhui, the authors carried out the study on increasing crop yield and fertilizer utilization rate through reasonable regulation of nitrogen fertilizer and rational application of phosphorus, potassium and other nutrients. The status of rice nutrient management and the main problems in cold water paddy field were studied by using the method of household survey. The nutrients were regulated according to the cold water paddy field characteristics and rice nutrient absorption law. A special formula fertilizer for cold water paddy field was developed and proved by the demonstration experiment. The survey results showed that the difference of fertilization was obvious among farmers, and the excess and deficiency of fertilizer application coexisted at the same time. The unbalanced nutrient application and the highlight of nitrogen fertilizer application were common phenomena in the region. The nitrogen fertilizer application time was not reasonable and out of sync with rice growth and development. There was no comprehensive consideration of the environmental nutrient supply and rice nutrient dynamic demand characteristics. The special formula fertilizer could increase the crop yield. ccording to the demonstration experiment results, the cold water paddy field had the highest rice yield under the special formula fertilizer treatment, increased by 23.08%- 32.39% in comparing with that under farmers’habit of production, the yield increasing effect was stable. The increasing application of dolomite could increase rice yield by 8.95% in comparing with that under the special formula fertilizer treatment. Unreasonable rice nutrient management was the main reason for limiting rice yield increase in cold water paddy field in southern mountainous area in Anhui. Reasonable fertilization and management of nitrogen with rational application of other nutrients could significantly improve the rice yield.

  Estimation of Nitrogen Content in Wheat Leaf and Nitrogen Supply Capacity of Soil by Hyperspectral Reflectance 谢福来,张士昌,,, and 2016, 6 (4):  7-15.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas15090013 Abstract + ( 1967 )   PDF ( 1502KB )   ( 895 ) Effectively monitoring crop nitrogen nutritional level and soil nitrogen supply capability can provide an important basis for the rational application of nitrogen during fertilization. In this study, the method of vegetation index and partial least square regression (PLSR) were used to compare and analyze the relationship between the hyperspectral reflectance of wheat canopy and the concentration of nitrogen in leaf and soil based on data from three growing regions across two growing seasons. The correlation between canopy spectral reflectance and leaf nitrogen content was significantly negative in the visible bands. Moreover, a significantly positive correlation existed in near-infrared bands, while the correlation of canopy spectral reflectance and soil nitrogen content showed the right opposite results. The determination coefficients from the regression model of leaf nitrogen content based on spectral parameters of ND705 and GNDVI were 0.827 and 0.826. According to the parameter ND705 and GNDVI, the determination coefficient obtained by the regression model was 0.646. Compared with the vegetation index, the prediction accuracy of PLSR models for wheat leaf and soil nitrogen content on the spectral reflectance among 350-2500 nm was enhanced with the determination coefficients as 0.842 and 0.654. These results could provide certain theoretical basis and technical support for further study on diagnosing nitrogen nutrition of wheat and soil, and monitoring rational nitrogen fertilization.

  Breeding and Application of Hybrid Maize Variety‘Jindan 77’ 2016, 6 (4):  16-19.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas15110018 Abstract + ( 2353 )   PDF ( 1066KB )   ( 814 ) The purpose was to breed high yield, and drought, lodging and disease resistant new maize varieties. The traditional breeding methods and molecular techniques were combined, and the excellent American maize germplasm was used,‘Jindan 77’was bred with L3115 (female) and L0367 (male) in Modern Agriculture Research Centre of Shanxi Academy of Agriculture Science. The variety passed the assessment of Shanxi Crops Variety Examination Committee in 2010.‘Jindan 77’had high yield, good grain quality, multi-resistance, and resistance to high density. Its starch content was 74.45%, and the average yield was 11400 kg/hm2. The hybrid seeds production technology was easy, and the yield was high, so the cost of production was reduced. The combination of production and scientific management could increase the yield per unit area and the total production of maize, thus to play a significant role in ensuring the food security in China. The application prospect of‘Jindan 77’is promising.

  Drug Prevention of Wheat Gibberellic Disease 2016, 6 (4):  20-25.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas15110020 Abstract + ( 1552 )   PDF ( 1232KB )   ( 742 ) Now the frequency of wheat gibberellic disease occurrence is high in Jianhu of Jiangsu Province, and the control efficiency of the main prevention drug—carbendazim and its mixtures is declining year after year. So the author put forward a new view of drug prevention for controlling wheat gibberellic disease in large area. Three ways were used to improve the drug prevention of wheat gibberellic disease, including increasing the availability of polyketone, reducing the dosage of carbendazim, and selecting new substitute combination of polyketone. The results showed that, 40% polyketone 1500 g/hm2 with 225 kg water had the control efficiency of disease index as 65.24%; and it was similar to the efficiency of 40% polyketone 2250 g/hm2 with 300 kg water (68.43% ). 40% polyketone 1500 g/hm2 mixed with 5% white vinegar 1500 mL/hm2 had the control efficiency of disease index as 71.04%, better than that of 2250 g/hm2 of 40% polyketone (68.43%). The control efficiency of disease index of the new drug combination was 84.71% , which was higher than that of the conventional drug 40% polyketone 2250 g/hm2 (68.43%). The increasing effect of theoretical yield was 12.83%. The results indicated that the controlling of water could improve the utilization of polyketone, adding the additives could reduce the dosage of polyketone, and the use of new combination could increase the control efficiency and yield.

  Effect of Storage Time on Soil Available Silicon Content 2016, 6 (4):  26-29.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas15110017 Abstract + ( 1299 )   PDF ( 1111KB )   ( 803 ) Soil available silicon content is a technical indicator for silicon fertilization in rice production. In order to determine the effect of storage time of soil samples on soil available silicon content measurement, comparative analysis was conducted with 11 paddy soil samples in 2013 and 2015. The results showed that the values of 2015 were significantly lower than that of 2013, the optimum equation was cubic curve equation (y=33.700-0.119x 0.035x2 0.000x3, R2=0.980). This reduction was mainly caused by the dehydration of longterm storage of soil samples. In order to accurately recommend silicon application amount, soil samples should be measured in time instead of long-time storage.

  Long-term Application of Pig Manure Compost Affecting Heavy Metal Accumulation in Vegetable-soil System 2016, 6 (4):  30-35.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas15120006 Abstract + ( 1321 )   PDF ( 1115KB )   ( 1127 ) In order to understand the effects of long-term application of the intensive livestock and poultry farms-source compost on heavy metals accumulated in vegetable-soil system, a three year-field experiment was conducted. The experiment included four treatments, ie., control (chemical fertilizers), 1/2 pig manure-source compost and 1/2chemical fertilizers, pig manure-source compost, and double quantity of pig manure-source compost. The results showed that application of pig manure-source compost could prevent soil from acidification, and improve soil fertility levels. However, the experiment also showed that pig manure source compost could significantly increase the accumulation of heavy metals in soil and vegetables when it alone was used as fertilizer to vegetable field, although the applied pig manure compost met the requirement of industry standards for organic fertilizer in China (NY525-2012). The contents of heavy metals in the soil and vegetable increased with increasing amount of pig manure compost and application time. After 3 years of continuous application of pig manure compost, the contents of Cd, Zn and Cu in soil were increased by 31.2%, 27.3% and 14%, respectively. And the contents of Cd, Zn, Pb and Cu in vegetables were significantly higher than that in the treatment of chemical fertilizer. After 3 years of continuous application of double quantity of pig manure compost, the contents of Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Hg and As in soil were increased by 67.4%, 53.0%, 13.1%, 24.4%, 25.9% and 13.8%, respectively. And the contents of Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Hg and As in vegetables were significantly higher than that in the treatment of chemical fertilizer. But there were no significant difference in heavy metals of vegetable products between the combined application of chemical fertilizer plus pig manure compost (1/2 pig manure-source compost and 1/2chemical fertilizers) and chemical fertilizer treatment. The combined application of chemical fertilizer plus pig manure compost was suitable fertilization model for the promotion of vegetable field. It is suggested that the application amount of rich Cu and Zn pig manure in the vegetable fields should be controlled, continuous application of pig manure in vegetable field should be avoided.

  Biogas Manure Efficiency on Greenhouse Strawberry 2016, 6 (4):  36-39.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas15120009 Abstract + ( 944 )   PDF ( 1070KB )   ( 800 ) The effect of combined application of biogas residue and biogas slurry on the growth and fruit of greenhouse strawberry‘Zhangji’was studied by a field experiment with farmyard manure and combined application of chemical fertilizer used as CK under the same application amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient. The results showed that: compared with CK, combined application of biogas residue and biogas slurry could promote strawberry nutrition and reproductive growth, the plant height increased by 2.1 cm, leaf area increased by 17.41%, different growth periods were 1-3 days ahead of time; fruit weight and yield of strawberry were also improved, the single fruit weight of first order fruit, mean single fruit weight and yield increased by 11.69% , 14.47% and 12.3% . In addition, fruit soluble solids and VC content significantly increased, and the titratable acid content reduced and strawberry quality was improved.

  Effects of Conservation Tillage on Soil Organic Carbon and Agricultural Productivity 2016, 6 (4):  40-47.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas15080006 Abstract + ( 841 )   PDF ( 1095KB )   ( 1000 ) Farmland soil organic carbon pool is the carbon pool affected by human mostly, its recovery has important significance on soil quality enhancement, food security guarantee, water conservation and CO2 emission decrease. Conservation tillage has significant effect on the decrease of water and soil loss, the increase of soil organic carbon and the increase of crop yield. The authors summarized the influence of conservation tillage on soil organic carbon and soil physical and chemical properties, discussed its effect on agricultural productivity, put forward improvement suggestions based on the problems existing in the conservation tillage, and provided scientific basis for reasonable cultivation measures and agricultural management.

  Farmland Water-saving and Integrated Management of Water and Fertilizer:Taking Hangjiahu Plain Paddy Field as an Example 2016, 6 (4):  48-51.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas15120004 Abstract + ( 974 )   PDF ( 1007KB )   ( 760 ) In order to promote the application and development of farmland water-saving and the integration of water and fertilizer in Zhejiang, Hangjiahu plain paddy field was used as an example, the situation of water resources in Zhejiang Province, the significance of farmland water-saving and the integration of water and fertilizer were analyzed, and the main ways and methods of paddy field water-saving were explored. The results showed that water-saving could be realized by the use of atmospheric pressure tube irrigation system, which was cheap and had low water quality requirement, and the water-fertilizer technical proposal was also put forward. To carry out farmland water-saving and water-fertilizer integration technology could be in accordance with the simple and scale management of modern agriculture, and contribute to water- saving, emission reduction, efficiency increase and flood control and drainage in agricultural production, and reduce agricultural non- point source pollution. The technology would be the specific application and embodiment of the ‘comprehensive water treatment’project in agricultural fields of Zhejiang Province.

  Construction and Technology Advantages of Strawberry Eco-demonstration Parks Construction and Technology Advantages of Strawberry Eco-demonstration Parks 2016, 6 (4):  52-56.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas15090008 Abstract + ( 874 )   PDF ( 1029KB )   ( 1100 ) Universities, cooperating with companies, carried out a project - strawberries garden ecological sightseeing park. The project was mainly dominated by universities. The essay analyzed the basic structure of strawberries garden ecological sightseeing park and some main agronomic techniques such as soilless solid cultivation, seedling, supplemental lighting and temperature control et al. Compared with the traditional planting pattern, strawberries garden ecological sightseeing park carried out by universities and companies had many advantages in agronomic techniques, the market and finance et al. These advantages were stated specifically in the essay so as to indicate that strawberries garden ecological sightseeing park had an important effect on local agriculture, improving techniques of the demonstration and extension of the advanced facility agriculture, the cultivation for virus-free seedling, and the detection of virus-free seedling. Under the background of mass entrepreneurship and innovation and the transformation of local universities，our study provides a theoretical basis for the feasibility of the strawberries garden ecological sightseeing park project. In addition, this study also makes some constructive suggestions on how to help regional universities develop tourist agriculture, serve the society and transform the development of universities in a creative way.

  Effect of Rootstocks on Early Growth and Fruit Quality of‘Cabernet Sauvignon’Grapevine 2016, 6 (4):  57-62.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas15120007 Abstract + ( 1067 )   PDF ( 1124KB )   ( 776 ) This study aims to screen rootstocks for‘Cabernet Sauvignon’grapevine, and provide certain basis for scientific application of rootstocks. Taking‘Cabernet Sauvignon’grapevine as test materials, the authors grafted the grapevine on four kinds of rootstocks:‘SO4’,‘5BB’,‘3309C’,‘101-14’. The survival rate, phonological period, growth of fresh treetop, leaf area, chlorophyll content, spike weight, spike size, grain weight, grain size, soluble solids content, reducing sugar content and titratable acid content were analyzed. The results showed that rootstocks had certain effect on the growth phenological phases of‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ grapevine. The survival rate, the winter survival rate, the germination rate, the leaf area and chlorophyll content of‘Cabernet Sauvignon/3309 (CS/3309C)’were relatively high and the new shoots were stronger. Different scion/rootstock combinations all had‘feet’phenomenon. The fruit appearance quality (spike and berry) of various combinations was improved, and that of CS/3309C was better. The total soluble solid content and reducing sugar content of CS/3309C were higher than that of other combinations.‘SO4’delayed the maturation o‘f Cabernet Sauvignon’grapevine. On the whole,‘3309C’improved the growth and fruit quality of ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’grapevine.

  Comparison of Different Planting Densities of Chayote‘Fuyou’ 2016, 6 (4):  63-65.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas15100006 Abstract + ( 1218 )   PDF ( 1023KB )   ( 804 ) To explore the best planting density for‘Fuyou’, a new species of chayote, and to improve the benefit of production, an experiment with randomized block design was conducted, including five different planting densities: 6 m×6 m, 4 m×6 m, 3 m×6 m, 4 m×4 m, 3 m×4 m and 3 repeats, to research the influence of planting density on the output and production benefit o‘f Fuyou’. The results showed that: moderately close planting density, namely 600-800 plants per hectare, was suitable for producing fruit in summer, which could achieve high production and economic benefit. For the purpose of autumn harvest, planting density should be reduced appropriately. In view of annual production and annual output value, the maximum economic benefit could be obtained by a density of around 625 plants per hectare, with spacing of 4 m×4 m, which was the most suitable one to high yield and benefit.

  Premature Fracture of Degradable Mulch on Soil Temperature, Moisture and Corn Yield 2016, 6 (4):  66-69.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas15110010 Abstract + ( 1366 )   PDF ( 1341KB )   ( 876 ) Degradable mulch utilization is an important approach to solve agricultural“white pollution”. The authors studied the effect of premature fracture of degradable mulch on soil temperature, moisture and corn yield. The results showed that premature fracture had different effects on soil temperature and moisture in different stages. The effect on soil temperature mainly reflected in seedling stage, the soil temperature of degradable mulching field decreased by 14.1% comparing with that of PE film mulching field in 25 cm soil layer. The effect on soil moisture mainly reflected in bell stage, soil moisture of degradable mulching decreased by 13.1% comparing with that of PE film in 100 cm soil layer. Crop parameters such as plant height, bald tip, ear rows, hundred kernel weight and yield of degradable mulch treatment were significantly lower under that of PE film treatment, which caused the yield reduction of 27.2%. Therefore, the premature fracture of degradable mulch affected soil temperature, moisture and yield significantly.

  Measuring Device for Critical Angle of Landslide 2016, 6 (4):  70-75.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas15120005 Abstract + ( 748 )   PDF ( 1314KB )   ( 1005 ) In order to quantitatively measure the critical angle of landslide, a set of automatic measurement system that measures the critical angle of soil slope is designed. The device is composed of a main box, a water flow device, a rotating inclined plane, a rotating driving mechanism, a scale and a sensor. The system is proved to be reliable by preliminary testing, and can be more accurate in predicting the possible areas of landslide by further analyzing the dynamic characteristics of soil flow and soil body.

  Development of Low Sugar Compound Caragana sinica Jam 2016, 6 (4):  76-79.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16010009 Abstract + ( 836 )   PDF ( 1169KB )   ( 792 ) In order to the formulate processing technology for nutritious and unique flavored low sugar compound jam with Caragana sinica, carrot and jujube, and obtain optimal proportion and parameters, the authors conducted experiments to study the quality influencing factors as technological parameters, proportion of ingredients and thickener addition. The results were as follows: (1) the optimal proportion of the main ingredients were Caragana sinica pulp 40%, pureed carrot 40%, pureed jujube 15%; (2) 0.6% LMP and 0.2% carrageenan were the optimal choice for addition; (3) the best amount of sugar was 30% , the best CaCl2 addition was 0.2% , the concentration duration of 30 minutes and pH value of 3.5 were recommended. Successful development of the low sugar compound jam with Caragana sinica, carrot and jujube could provide a new way for the utilization of Caragana sinica.

  Bacteriology Investigation on Small Homemade Drink Stores in Haikou City 2016, 6 (4):  80-83.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas15120013 Abstract + ( 904 )   PDF ( 1210KB )   ( 806 ) To protect consumer health, improve the quality of cold drinks, and provide effective and reliable basis for supervision, microorganism pollution of drinks which were produced in small homemade drink stores in Haikou City was inspected. 43 bottles of three kinds of drinks including fruit juice, milk tea and black tea and drinking water were randomly purchased from drink stores in urban area of Haikou in July 2015. The total bacteria count and Gram staining test were carried out according to Microbiological Examination of Food Hygiene: Examination of Frozen Drinks and Cold Drinks which was published by the Ministry of Health in China. 25 of the 43 samples were judged as qualified, and the pass rate was 58.14%. Black tea had the highest bacteria count, which was 1.97×104 CFU/mL, while milk tea had the lowest bacteria count. The production process and the storage of drinks were the main sources of bacteria pollution. The supervision agency should enforce the supervision for improving the quality of the drink and protecting consumer health.

  SWOT Analysis of Walnut Industry in Chengkou 2016, 6 (4):  84-90.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas15110023 Abstract + ( 1165 )   PDF ( 1536KB )   ( 1145 ) Chengkou is one of the main agricultural counties in Chongqing, its walnut industry has been growing quickly in recent years, but there are also many problems. To improve the yield and quality of the walnut and promote the sustainable and rapid development of walnut industry, based on a field investigation of the walnut cultivation and related industries, SWOT method was applied to analyzing the current development situation of walnut industry in Chengkou. The results showed that Chengkou had superior geographical location, rich forest resources, vast markets, strong support from the local government and some other advantages. But the disadvantages were also obvious, such as the disorder layout of the walnut industry, the lack of fund, the fierce competition in world walnut market and the replacing challenges of other nut varieties. Based on the above results, the infrastructure construction should be accelerated, the walnut industry should be planed more reasonably, at the same time, the quality of walnut should be improved and the related industrial chain should be developed to promote the development of the walnut and related industries in Chengkou.

  Under-forest Operational Efficiency of Worker Family and Its Influencing Factors in State-owned Forest Areas 2016, 6 (4):  91-96.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas15110011 Abstract + ( 896 )   PDF ( 1160KB )   ( 666 ) In order to improve under-forest operational efficiency of worker family in state-owned forest areas, the under-forest operational efficiency was calculated based on first-hand data obtained by field investigation with the DEA-Tobit two-stage model, and then its influencing factors were also analyzed. The results showed that the average integrated efficiency of worker family in state-owned forest areas was only 0.379, the loss of under-forest operational efficiency was severe. Woodland blocks, health condition of household head and the ratio of under-forest operational income in the whole family income had significantly positive effect on underforest operational efficiency. Under-forest operational efficiency of worker family in state-owned forest areas had a big room to improve. To improve the pure technical efficiency should be the focus in promoting underforest operational efficiency of worker family.

  Agricultural Water Price Reform in Experimental Areas of Shandong Province 2016, 6 (4):  97-100.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas15100003 Abstract + ( 1256 )   PDF ( 1157KB )   ( 874 ) Deepening agricultural water price reform, building a scientific and reasonable water price system and constructing a safeguard mechanism are important issues in the development of irrigation and water conservancy at present. Agricultural water price reform in Shandong Province has been implemented in five counties including Yucheng, Anqiu, Boxing, Yiyuan and Jvnan since 2014. In this paper, the basic situation of agricultural water price in each experimental area was introduced. Then the details of agricultural water price reform were analyzed and the typical practices accumulated in the reform were summarized. The results will lay a foundation for developing the comprehensive innovation model of agricultural water price which can be easily copied and promoted in different regions of Shandong Province. Moreover, it will provide policy reference for the comprehensive reform of agricultural water price.