Abstract: Comprehensive development and utilization of agricultural resources in winter has been the concern of all sectors of society, the focus is how to increase the incomes of farmers and achieve the harmonious and sustainable development of agriculture, countryside and farmers. Farmers’enthusiasm is low in developing agriculture in winter in Duchang County, which was observed through random interviews with farmers, face to face communication with the agricultural science and technology promotion personnel and large scale grain production households, and questionnaire survey. The fallow field area was averagely 45.61% a year in winter. Except for special years, the year-to-year fluctuation of planting area of winter agriculture was relatively stable, with an average -0.24% a year, but the year-to-year yield of winter crops had a large increasing range, which was averagely of 3.79% a year. The yield increase was mainly benefited from the increasing input level of agricultural materials, agriculture and agricultural technique. There were 4 main factors affecting the development of winter agriculture: firstly, the poor agricultural economic benefit and low enthusiasm of farmers; secondly, the lack of labor force and agricultural production capacity in rural areas; thirdly, the less prominent geographical and regional advantage, and undeveloped large-scale mechanized production; fourthly, simple planting structure and low coordination between industries. At last, there were 4 ways and countermeasures for developing and utilizing winter fallow field and increasing farmers’income: introducing relevant policies to mobilize farmers’enthusiasm; unifying planning and step-by-step implementation; increasing the intensity of investment and developing scale cultivation; extending agricultural industry chain and realizing the integration development of agricultural industry chain.