Abstract: An experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of different fertilizer and silage additives on nutrition and fermentation quality of alfalfa silage. The experiment included two factors, one was different fertilizer treatments, including three fertilizer treatments based on organic and inorganic compound fertilizer [with earthworm powder (A), wood vinegar (B) and (C)], Bio char treatment (D), diammonium phosphate treatment (E) and without fertilizer as control (F); and the other was different silage additives treatments, including methanoic acid, wood vinegar, and the control replaced with the same amount of distilled water. The results showed as follows: (1) the organic and inorganic compound fertilizer with increased the crude protein and decreased the lignin content of alfalfa significantly (P<0.05), while organic and inorganic compound fertilizer with wood vinegar increased the crude fat and lactic acid and decreased the pH value significantly (P< 0.05), and the chemical fertilizers- diammonium phosphate significantly reduced the lignin content (P<0.05), and all the three treatments had positive effects on nutrition and silage quality of alfalfa silage; (2) alfalfa silage adding methanoic acid could significantly reduce the protein hydrolysis of alfalfa (P<0.05), effectively preserve the nutrition quality through inhibiting the fermentation process, while adding wood vinegar improved the fermentation quality of alfalfa silage through increasing the lactic acid content significantly (P<0.05); (3) there was no significant interaction among different fertilizer and silage additives on the comprehensive nutrition and fermentation index of alfalfa silage (P>0.05). It is concluded that the application of organic and inorganic compound fertilizer with Bacillus or wood vinegar liquid and chemical fertilizer-diammonium phosphate in alfalfa cultivation, and adding methanoic acid or wood vinegar liquid in alfalfa silage process, can improve the nutrition and fermentation quality of alfalfa silage.