Abstract: The study aims to understand the nutrient distribution characteristics in cotton topsoil and to optimize the regulation of soil nutrient elements. The authors used statistical and spatial analysis methods, with the support of Surfer 8.0 software, analyzed the correlation of available nutrient elements in cotton field and carried out the normal distribution test. Then, the satellite remote sensing data of this study area were processed with ArcGIS and ENVI 5.0 software for scaling, atmospheric correction and geometric precision correction, and related data images were obtained. The results showed that (1) from the kurtosis value of organic matter, slowly available K, available P and available K, it was found that the data were relatively steep compared with normal distribution, namely sharp peak, while that of total N and available N showed relatively flat distribution compared with normal distribution; (2) the correlation characteristics of organic matter were different from those of other nutrient elements (available N, total N, available P, slowly available K and available K), but not significant; (3) all the data in Shaya were taken by the 0.05 test level, and obeyed normal distribution that could make the interpolation analysis; (4) the oasis in the north of the study area was mainly along the river, so the contents of nutrient elements in the north were rich; the southern part was near the Taklimakan Desert, which belonged to the arid area and lacked water resources, therefore the contents of nutrient elements were less.