Abstract:

To solve the problems of quality decline and yield decrease caused by local materials and asexual reproduction in artificial cultivation mode of Schisandra sphenanthera in recent years, the seeds and fruits of S. sphenanthera were used as the research objects in this study, to reveal provenance specificity of S. sphenanthera. The seed size, fruit bunch length, fruit bunch diameter and fruit bunch weight of S. sphenanthera were measured. At the same time, determination of chemical indexes such as the contents of polysaccharide and S. sphenanthera ester nail were conducted. Finally, the above metrics were used to analyze their correlation with environmental factors. The results are as follows. (1) The apparent characters of seeds and fruits of S. sphenanthera showed great variability, especially in seed size, seed moisture content, seed germination rate, fruit length and fruit weight. The variation of seed length-width ratio and fruit stalk-weight ratio were relatively small. (2) The contents of polysaccharides and lignans in S. sphenanthera fruits had great variation, mainly manifested in the high content of lignans in fruits of S. sphenanthera in Shangluo City. (3) There was a high correlation between the measured indexes of the seeds and fruits of S. sphenanthera and the environmental factors, mainly manifested in the positive correlation of the seed vigor value and the diameter of the fruit bunchwiththe altitude. On the whole, the measured indexesof fruits and seeds of S. sphenanthera have abundant phenotypic variations on both sides of the Qinling Mountains, showing obvious geographical genetic differentiations, mainly significant correlations with altitude, annual average temperature and annual precipitation. The fruits produced in Shangluo City have high quality, so it can be inferred that Shangluo City is the authentic production area of S. sphenanthera.

Key words: Schisandra sphenanthera, seed and fruit characteristics, genetic variation, integration of forestry and medicine