Effects of Sowing Depth and Seed Coating on Seedling Growth, Photosynthetic Performance, Yield and Quality of Summer Soybean

doi:10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2024-0029

Abstract

Abstract:

To investigate the effects of sowing depth and seed coating on seedling growth, yield, and quality of summer soybean, using 'Baodou 10' as the test material, a field experiment was carried out with different sowing depth (3 cm D₁, 5 cm D₂, 7 cm D₃, 9 cm D₄), and seed coating (6.25% Metalaxyl-fluoxonil T₁, 30%Thiamethoxam T₂, 25% Thiamethoxam methylene fluoxonil T₃,no seed coating CK) with the two-factor split-plot experiment design. The results showed that seedling percentage was increased as the sowing depth increased, and seedling percentage ofseed coating treatment was better than that of no seed coating (P<0.05). The seedling percentage of T₂ was the highest with a value of 77.08%. The effect of sowing depth on plant height, root length, number of roots were difference, and plant height, root length, number of roots of seed coating treatment were better than that of no seed coating. The effects of sowing depth, seed coating, and sowing depth×seed coating on SPAD and Pn of the soybean leaf was significant, and the SPAD value of D₂ and T₂ were higher than that of others (P<0.05) in flowering stage and pod stage. The Pn of D₂ in tested stage and the Pn of T₂ in flowering stage and pod stage were much higher than that of others (P<0.05). Sowing depth, seed coating, and sowing depth×seed coating had a significant effect on yield and seeds per plant (P<0.05), the yield of D₂T₂ was the highest with a value of 4413.48 kg/hm². The effects of sowing depth, seed coating, and sowing depth×seed coating on protein content, fat content, and isoflavone content of the soybean seed was significant (P<0.01), and the response of quality index to tested factors was difference. Sowing depth, seed coating, and sowing depth×seed coating had a significant effect on seedling growth, photosynthetic performance, and seed quality. Sowing depth (5 cm) and seed coating of 30% thiamethoxam could improve the growth, photosynthetic performance and yield components of soybean seedlings, and finally obtain higher yield and grain quality.

Key words: summer soybean, sowing depth, seed coating, seedling characteristics, seedling growth, photosynthetic performance, yield and quality

QU Yang, MA Wen, LIU Xiaoting, XUE Yuying, YU Longhui, YAN Junping, WANG Kezhen. Effects of Sowing Depth and Seed Coating on Seedling Growth, Photosynthetic Performance, Yield and Quality of Summer Soybean[J]. Journal of Agriculture, 2025, 15(5): 1-6.

Figures/Tables 6

References 25

[1]	MAUN M, RIACH S. Morphology of caryopsis seedlings and seedling emergence of the grass Calimovilfalongifolia from various depths in sand[J]. Ecology, 1981, 49:137-142.
[2]	郑学强, 宋文坚, 庄义庆. 种衣剂的研究现状及展望[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2004, 1:47.
[3]	王冰冰, 孙宝启. 我国种衣剂的现状和前景[J]. 作物杂志, 1998, 2:19-20.
[4]	毛宇飞, 陈阳, 张倩, 等. 不同种衣剂对小麦品种抗性、产量及品质的影响[J]. 安徽农学通报, 2018, 24(18):50-51.
[5]	汪涛, 戚仁德, 黄志平, 等. 大豆根腐病的识别与防治[J]. 大豆科技, 2010, 6:14-15.
[6]	师梦茹, 李芸, 闫强, 等. 2种新型种子处理悬浮剂对大豆根腐病的田间防治效果[J]. 现代农药, 2022, 21(6):51-54.
[7]	刘晓帆, 范彦英, 郭凤英. 包衣种子在重茬大豆田中的应用效果试验[J]. 大豆通报, 2003, 2:9.
[8]	顾慰连, 戴俊英, 刘俊明, 等. 玉米田间整齐度与产量的关系[J]. 辽宁农业科学, 1984(4):9-13.
[9]	刘欣悦. 播种深度对水果玉米农艺性状及产量的影响[J]. 中国科技投资, 2016, 31:315.
[10]	谢皓, 贾秀婷, 陈学珍, 等. 播种深度和种子大小对大豆出苗率和幼苗生长的影响[J]. 农学学报, 2012, 2(6):10-14.
[11]	曹慧英, 史建国, 朱昆仑, 等. 播种深度对夏玉米冠层结构及光合特性的影响[J]. 玉米科学, 2016, 24(1):102-109.
[12]	崔永实, 曲刚, 李光发, 等. 小粒大豆播种深度初探[J]. 大豆通报, 2003, 5:10.
[13]	岳丽杰, 文涛, 杨勤, 等. 不同播种深度对玉米出苗的影响[J]. 玉米科学, 2012, 20(5):88-93.
[14]	姜玉久. 大豆种衣剂对产量及品质的影响[J]. 农业与技术, 2004, 24(2):73-74.
[15]	LARST W J. Factors responsible for genotypic manganese tolerance in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)[J]. Plant and soil, 1983, 72:213-218.
[16]	李宝华. 种衣剂对大豆产量及品质的影响[J]. 大豆科学, 2003, 1:234-235.
[17]	薛英会. 不同种衣剂对大豆产量及品质的影响[J]. 农业技术, 2009:36-39.
[18]	张雷. 不同种衣剂对黑河18产量和品质的影响[J]. 耕作与栽培, 2005, 6:33-34.
[19]	赵云彩. 种衣剂大豆对产量及品质的影响[J]. 黑河科技, 2003, 3:19-20.
[20]	屈洋, 马雯, 王可珍, 等. 播种方式和施肥量对大豆光合特性、产量和品质的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2023, 39(27):17-23. doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0808
[21]	梁喜龙, 李海龙, 陈雨洁, 等. 绿豆专用型种衣剂包衣对绿豆形态指标与光合特性的影响[J]. 干旱地区农业研究, 2020, 38(1):39-42.
[22]	刘斌祥, 程秋博, 周芳, 等. 种子大小与播种深度对玉米出苗、苗期光合特性与保护酶活性的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2020, 35(2):98-106. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20190319
[23]	林皎, 邰红忠, 练文明, 等. 不同播深对棉花大小苗及产量与品质的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2016, 53(12):2225-2231.
[24]	田姝红, 周健强, 张春梅. 播期和播种深度耦合对花生生长、产量和品质的影响[J]. 辽宁农业科学, 2022, 1:45-49.
[25]	邹佳怡, 贺云新, 谢章书, 等. 播种方式对直播棉产量及品质的影响[J]. 湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版), 2021, 47(5):501-506.

播种深度	种衣剂	6月18日	6月24日	6月30日	7月6日
D₁	T₁	44c	52c	52c	52c
	T₂	30d	53c	53c	53c
	T₃	49b	62b	62b	62b
	CK	63a	68a	70a	69a
D₂	T₁	85a	85a	85a	85b
	T₂	81b	88a	88a	88a
	T₃	65c	72b	74b	74c
	CK	67c	69c	72c	72c
D₃	T₁	80a	81a	82a	82a
	T₂	78b	82a	82a	82a
	T₃	79b	80a	81a	81a
	CK	70c	78b	80a	79b
D₄	T₁	83a	86a	87a	87a
	T₂	80a	85a	86a	86a
	T₃	80a	84a	86a	86a
	CK	77b	83a	84b	83b

播种深度	种衣剂	6月18日	6月24日	6月30日	7月6日
D₁	T₁	44c	52c	52c	52c
	T₂	30d	53c	53c	53c
	T₃	49b	62b	62b	62b
	CK	63a	68a	70a	69a
D₂	T₁	85a	85a	85a	85b
	T₂	81b	88a	88a	88a
	T₃	65c	72b	74b	74c
	CK	67c	69c	72c	72c
D₃	T₁	80a	81a	82a	82a
	T₂	78b	82a	82a	82a
	T₃	79b	80a	81a	81a
	CK	70c	78b	80a	79b
D₄	T₁	83a	86a	87a	87a
	T₂	80a	85a	86a	86a
	T₃	80a	84a	86a	86a
	CK	77b	83a	84b	83b

播种深度	种衣剂	株高/cm	根长/cm	根数/条
D₁	T₁	14.17a	10.33c	47.00b
	T₂	13.17a	13.17a	45.33bc
	T₃	11.83b	11.17b	52.00a
	CK	10.83c	10.00c	40.67c
D₂	T₁	15.00a	11.67a	55.33a
	T₂	13.67b	11.83a	51.33ab
	T₃	13.50bc	11.00a	55.67a
	CK	13.17c	10.83b	45.33c
D₃	T₁	14.00a	11.17a	47.00a
	T₂	12.83bc	11.17a	45.33b
	T₃	13.33b	11.50a	43.33bc
	CK	11.50c	10.23b	41.00c
D₄	T₁	13.17a	13.17a	41.33b
	T₂	13.50a	12.00bc	45.33a
	T₃	12.67b	12.33b	36.33c
	CK	12.00b	10.50c	34.00d
变异来源	D	**	**	**
	T	*	*	**
	D×T	*	*	**

播种深度	种衣剂	株高/cm	根长/cm	根数/条
D₁	T₁	14.17a	10.33c	47.00b
	T₂	13.17a	13.17a	45.33bc
	T₃	11.83b	11.17b	52.00a
	CK	10.83c	10.00c	40.67c
D₂	T₁	15.00a	11.67a	55.33a
	T₂	13.67b	11.83a	51.33ab
	T₃	13.50bc	11.00a	55.67a
	CK	13.17c	10.83b	45.33c
D₃	T₁	14.00a	11.17a	47.00a
	T₂	12.83bc	11.17a	45.33b
	T₃	13.33b	11.50a	43.33bc
	CK	11.50c	10.23b	41.00c
D₄	T₁	13.17a	13.17a	41.33b
	T₂	13.50a	12.00bc	45.33a
	T₃	12.67b	12.33b	36.33c
	CK	12.00b	10.50c	34.00d
变异来源	D	**	**	**
	T	*	*	**
	D×T	*	*	**

项目	处理	花期	荚期	鼓粒期
播种深度	D₁	29.91d	45.90b	47.02a
	D₂	37.97a	47.43a	48.41a
	D₃	33.43b	46.20b	47.17a
	D₄	31.93c	45.77b	44.76a
种衣剂	T₁	33.56b	46.28b	46.15a
	T₂	37.38a	47.66a	47.68a
	T₃	32.71c	46.47b	46.08a
	CK	29.58d	44.89c	47.44a
变异来源	D	**	*	ns
	T	**	**	ns
	D×T	**	**	ns