Abstract: At present, China faces difficult problems narrowing the income gap between urban and rural areas, especially to improve farmers’ income which would help eliminate the regions’ development gap. It is of great significance and practical value to study different factors of which influencing farmers’ income and compare them between regions. In this paper, a C-D function has been established and estimated with panel data method. Data of year 2007 to 2010 in 30 provinces (municipalities and autonomous regions) has been used to analysis the influence factors. The result indicates that the regional disparity is the most remarkable factor, besides, the prices of grains and financial supports in agriculture are also important. Therefore, in order to narrow farmers' income gap between regions, we should promote the transformation of rural surplus labor force, raise the minimum purchase prices of grains, and improve the infrastructure. What’s more, to promote inter-regional industry transferring and optimize resource allocation would increase inter-regional employment and speed up population mobility.