Abstract: In order to know food security situation under the complex world food security circumstance, it is necessary to analyze the influencing factors of food security in China. But from the perspective of present rural development condition, labor transfer has caused the emerging of hollow villages in rural China, the main labors working on agriculture has become feminization and aging, which may influence food security in China. The field survey was conducted in 9 villages in Jiangxi, Liaoning, Guizhou and Hebei Province, the main methods were participatory rural appraisal and questionnaire survey. The results showed that hollow villages were facing some challenges such as the increase of abandoned cultivated land, poor circulation of cultivated land, insufficient application of agricultural science and technology and so on. To solve these problems, township enterprises should be developed, investment on agricultural science and technology should be increased and agricultural industrialization development should be promoted.