Abstract: In order to reveal genetic differences and group characteristics among Fagopyrum tataricum varieties (lines) intuitively, and to further explore good resources and avoid the blindness of parent selection in breeding, six primary agronomic characters of 45 F.tartaricum varieties (lines) that came from the eleven buckwheat breeding departments all over the country were analyzed with principal component analysis and cluster analysis. The results showed that the application of principal component analysis simplified six agronomic characters into three principal components, the cumulative contribution rate reached 83%. By using cluster analysis, 45 F.tartaricum varieties (lines) were classified into four types at the 2.76 level: high stalk, medium yield and small grains type, medium stalk, high yield and big grains type, medium stalk, low yield and small grains type, high stalk, medium yield and medium grains type, respectively. Among the four types, comprehensive traits of the second type were better than those of other types. It could be considered as the good varieties (breeding materials). The genetic differences of F.tartaricum varieties had no necessary link with origin and geographical distance. In addition to complementary traits and the geographical distance, genetic differences (different groups) should be taken into consideration when the parents were selected in cross breeding.