Plant Type Characters of Maize with Different Genotypes: Heterosis Analysis

doi:10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2020-0195

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to increase maize yield, suitable high-density planting variety has become the demand of maize breeding, and it plays an important role in improving the plant type characters of maize. Four maize hybrids and their parents were used as materials and ‘Zhengdan 958’ was used as the control. Plant type characters were investigated including plant height, ear height, stem diameter of the third internode, tassel length, tassel branching number, and leaf angle. LOV (leaf orientation value) and leaf area were measured, and the mid-parent heterosis value and heterobeltiosis value were calculated. The results showed that the leaf angle of ‘Xindan 61’, ‘Xindan 68’, ‘Xindan 65’ and ‘Xindan 58’ were smaller than that of their parents, and the lodging resistance of plants increased. The correlation of leaf shape and structure related characters of the five hybrids were analyzed, the results showed that the leaf length and leaf width were significantly and positively correlated with leaf area, and the leaf angle and leaf area were significantly and negatively or highly significantly and negatively correlated with leaf direction. There was heterosis in plant height, ear height and leaf area of ‘Xindan 61’, tassel length of ‘Xindan 68’, stem diameter of the third internode of ‘Xindan 65’and LOV of ‘Xindan 58’. Therefore, to form a strong dominant hybrid combination with suitable plant height and ear height and compact plant type, it is necessary to increase the selection pressure on these plant type characters.

Key words: maize, plant type character, heterosis, high density, hybridized combination

CLC Number:

S513

WEI Xiaoyi, YANG Haifeng, WEI Feng, HONG Defeng, MA Junfeng, MA Yi, WANG Jiamu, SHI Dakun, HU Ning. Plant Type Characters of Maize with Different Genotypes: Heterosis Analysis[J]. Journal of Agriculture, 2022, 12(1): 1-5.

Figures/Tables 4

References 20

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性状	新单61	新单68	新单65	新单58	郑单958(CK)
株高	369.571^**	72.526^**	148.078^**	408.024^**	337.252^**
穗位高	183.433^**	33.617^**	45.557^**	41.703^**	145.739^**
基部第三节间茎粗	22.435^**	18.300^**	20.837^**	18.429^**	70.300^**
雄穗长度	3.573	52.598^**	63.769^**	24.804^**	498.684^**
雄穗分枝数	95.643^**	42.233^**	62.080^**	235.857^**	2.429
叶向值	4.757	10.213^*	15.911^**	39.308^**	3.012
叶夹角	13.612^**	32.595^**	73.428^**	19.823^**	76.321^**
穗三叶叶面积	238.107^**	59.491^**	39.106^**	330.221^**	64.636^**

性状	新单61	新单68	新单65	新单58	郑单958(CK)
株高	369.571^**	72.526^**	148.078^**	408.024^**	337.252^**
穗位高	183.433^**	33.617^**	45.557^**	41.703^**	145.739^**
基部第三节间茎粗	22.435^**	18.300^**	20.837^**	18.429^**	70.300^**
雄穗长度	3.573	52.598^**	63.769^**	24.804^**	498.684^**
雄穗分枝数	95.643^**	42.233^**	62.080^**	235.857^**	2.429
叶向值	4.757	10.213^*	15.911^**	39.308^**	3.012
叶夹角	13.612^**	32.595^**	73.428^**	19.823^**	76.321^**
穗三叶叶面积	238.107^**	59.491^**	39.106^**	330.221^**	64.636^**

性状	中亲优势/%					超亲优势/%
性状	新单61	新单68	新单65	新单58	郑单958(CK)	新单61	新单68	新单65	新单58	郑单958(CK)
株高	63.2	36.6	47.7	41.3	76.3	48.9	31.3	37.1	28.1	61.6
穗位高	104.9	52.3	65.9	59.1	116.2	79.7	28.2	65.2	43.7	86.3
穗位比	26.3	12.3	11.9	12.4	23.7	20.7	-2.3	5.0	2.8	8.8
基部第三节间茎粗	37.0	49.4	70.1	37.9	61.0	25.0	29.6	49.4	34.9	57.1
雄穗长度	14.2	66.8	55.6	41.8	33.8	7.3	57.8	44.8	40.6	25.8
雄穗分枝数	66.2	64.9	35.5	40.2	40.8	-5.3	-3.7	-23.3	-21.6	19.3
叶向值	21.8	49.8	61.8	62.7	10.1	10.6	33.1	46.0	48.6	1.05
叶夹角	-40.8	-47.8	-46.8	-48.1	-52.4	-42.9	-54.3	-54.1	-28.9	-36.3
穗三叶叶面积	83.8	43.9	69.2	62.5	93.4	57.5	17.6	55.8	45.3	67.3

性状	中亲优势/%					超亲优势/%
性状	新单61	新单68	新单65	新单58	郑单958(CK)	新单61	新单68	新单65	新单58	郑单958(CK)
株高	63.2	36.6	47.7	41.3	76.3	48.9	31.3	37.1	28.1	61.6
穗位高	104.9	52.3	65.9	59.1	116.2	79.7	28.2	65.2	43.7	86.3
穗位比	26.3	12.3	11.9	12.4	23.7	20.7	-2.3	5.0	2.8	8.8
基部第三节间茎粗	37.0	49.4	70.1	37.9	61.0	25.0	29.6	49.4	34.9	57.1
雄穗长度	14.2	66.8	55.6	41.8	33.8	7.3	57.8	44.8	40.6	25.8
雄穗分枝数	66.2	64.9	35.5	40.2	40.8	-5.3	-3.7	-23.3	-21.6	19.3
叶向值	21.8	49.8	61.8	62.7	10.1	10.6	33.1	46.0	48.6	1.05
叶夹角	-40.8	-47.8	-46.8	-48.1	-52.4	-42.9	-54.3	-54.1	-28.9	-36.3
穗三叶叶面积	83.8	43.9	69.2	62.5	93.4	57.5	17.6	55.8	45.3	67.3

性状	叶长	叶宽	叶夹角	叶向值
叶宽	-0.177	—	—	—
叶夹角	0.145	-0.020	—	—
叶向值	0.013	-0.368^*	-0.653^**	—
叶面积	0.743^**	0.525^*	0.110	-0.257^*