Simulation of Response of Spring Wheat Yield and Biomass to Increasing Nitrogen Fertilizer and CO2 Concentration in Dryland Under Different Sowing Dates

doi:10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2024-0082

Abstract

Abstract:

This study explores the changes in nitrogen application rate and the effects of increased CO₂ concentration on wheat yield and biomass in semi-arid areas under different sowing dates. This article used the adjusted APSIM model to set up three different sowing dates of early sowing ESW (March 3rd), normal sowing NSW (March 19th), and late sowing LSW (March 31st), five nitrogen application treatments of N1(0 kg/hm²), N2(52.5 kg/hm²), N3(105 kg/hm²), N4(157.5 kg/hm²), and N5 (210 kg/hm²), and five CO₂ concentrations of C1 (370 ppm), C2 (420 ppm), C3 (470 ppm), C4 (520 ppm), and C5 (570 ppm) for simulation experiments. The results indicated that the APSIM model had good applicability in the experimental area; both nitrogen application rate and CO₂ concentration had an impact on the yield and biomass of dryland spring wheat, and the effects varied under different sowing dates. As the sowing date was delayed, both nitrogen application rate and CO₂ concentration had a positive effect on wheat yield and biomass, with nitrogen application rate having a much greater impact than CO₂ concentration; under specific nitrogen application rates and CO₂ concentrations, the choice of sowing date had a significant impact on yield and biomass. Higher yields were typically achieved during normal sowing periods, while late sowing was beneficial for biomass accumulation. When climate and soil conditions change, adjusting the sowing date can optimize wheat production. When the nitrogen application rate was N4 and the CO₂ concentration was C1, the wheat yield was highest under normal sowing, and the wheat biomass was highest under late sowing. This study holds significant importance in guiding wheat production in semi-arid regions. In practical production, based on local climate and soil conditions, parameters such as sowing dates, nitrogen application rates, and CO₂ concentrations can be adjusted to optimize wheat production and enhance both yield and biomass. Especially in the context of global climate change and the numerous challenges faced by agricultural production, this research provides robust support for the sustainable development of wheat production in semi-arid areas.

Key words: wheat, APSIM model, sowing date, nitrogen application rate, CO₂ concentration, yield, biomass, semi-arid region

YANG Tingting, LIU Qiang, MA Xiaoyi. Simulation of Response of Spring Wheat Yield and Biomass to Increasing Nitrogen Fertilizer and CO₂ Concentration in Dryland Under Different Sowing Dates[J]. Journal of Agriculture, 2025, 15(3): 93-100.

Figures/Tables 9

References 22

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土层深度 /cm	体积质量 /(g/cm²)			田间最大持水率 /(mm/mm)	饱和含水率 /(mm/mm)
0~5	1.290	0.013	0.013	0.270	0.460	4.671	14.514
5~10	1.226	0.013	0.013	0.270	0.490	5.895	12.462
10~30	1.325	0.046	0.046	0.271	0.450	5.014	12.623
30~50	1.200	0.071	0.071	0.270	0.501	3.663	8.311
50~80	1.140	0.087	0.087	0.262	0.520	4.030	10.572
80~110	1.140	0.103	0.103	0.270	0.520	5.854	9.081
110~140	1.250	0.107	0.107	0.273	0.482	3.913	9.332
140~170	1.120	0.115	0.115	0.270	0.530	3.350	8.772
170~200	1.110	1.127	0.127	0.274	0.532	3.436	9.023

土层深度 /cm	体积质量 /(g/cm²)			田间最大持水率 /(mm/mm)	饱和含水率 /(mm/mm)
0~5	1.290	0.013	0.013	0.270	0.460	4.671	14.514
5~10	1.226	0.013	0.013	0.270	0.490	5.895	12.462
10~30	1.325	0.046	0.046	0.271	0.450	5.014	12.623
30~50	1.200	0.071	0.071	0.270	0.501	3.663	8.311
50~80	1.140	0.087	0.087	0.262	0.520	4.030	10.572
80~110	1.140	0.103	0.103	0.270	0.520	5.854	9.081
110~140	1.250	0.107	0.107	0.273	0.482	3.913	9.332
140~170	1.120	0.115	0.115	0.270	0.530	3.350	8.772
170~200	1.110	1.127	0.127	0.274	0.532	3.436	9.023

参数	取值
灌浆到成熟期的积温/℃	580
春化系数	1
光周期系数	2
最大灌浆速率/(mg/d)	2.30
分蘖重/g	1.22
单株重/g	4
株高/mm	1000
播种期地表蒸发系数（土壤）	7.20
发芽期地表蒸发系数（土壤）	6.20

参数	取值
灌浆到成熟期的积温/℃	580
春化系数	1
光周期系数	2
最大灌浆速率/(mg/d)	2.30
分蘖重/g	1.22
单株重/g	4
株高/mm	1000
播种期地表蒸发系数（土壤）	7.20
发芽期地表蒸发系数（土壤）	6.20

不同播期		回归方程	决定系数R²
早播	产量	Y₁=4100.96+12.54X₁-15.20X₂-0.10X₁²-0.02X₂²+0.03X₁X₂	0.89
早播	生物量	Y₂=5552.66+34.47X₁-19.63X₂-0.21X₁²-0.02X₂²+0.06X₁X₂	0.92
正常播	产量	Y₁=-1512.96+6.08X₁+9.89X₂-0.06X₁²-0.01X₂²+0.04X₁X₂	0.94
正常播	生物量	Y₂=5361.09+10.04X₁-15.61X₂-0.03X₁²-0.01X₂²+0.04X₁X₂	0.81
晚播	产量	Y₁=-614.44+13.37X₁+4.318X₂-0.02X₁²-0.01X₂²+0.01X₁X₂	0.99
晚播	生物量	Y₂=-133.32+50.22X₁+2.91X₂-0.07X₁²-0.01X₂²+0.01X₁X₂	0.99

Simulation of Response of Spring Wheat Yield and Biomass to Increasing Nitrogen Fertilizer and CO₂ Concentration in Dryland Under Different Sowing Dates

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