Current issue

• 2012 Vol.2 No.9 Published:20 September 2012

  Effect of Nitrogen application amounts and patterns on grain yield, quality and HMW-GS expression of LinY 7287 2012, 2 (9):  1-4.  Abstract + ( 1229 )   PDF ( 1094KB )   ( 1262 ) Abstract: Effects of nitrogen application and patterns on grain yield and quality of LinY 7287 were studied between 2009 and 2010 after ploughing corn straw to soil for many years, in order to provide scientific basis to high yield and quality production in southern Shanxi. The results showed that, the grain yield of LinY 7287 was increased along with application amounts when nitrogen was lower than 225 kg/hm2, and then reduced. At this application amount, wet gluten, sedimentation, development time, stable time and evaluation value were also the highest. But grain protein content and HMW-GS expression were all increased along with nitrogen application. The yield was increased along with the increased of the ratio of basal nitrogen. And all nitrogen being used to basal fertilization can got the highest yield. Protein content, wet gluten, sedimentation value, development time, stable time, evaluation value and HMW-GS expression were increased along with the increased of topdressing proportion of nitrogen. In this study, the high yield and quality can be acquired when application nitrogen was 225 kg/hm2, ratio of basal to topdressed nitrogen was 7:3 in southern Shanxi. Key words: wheat, nitrogen, yield, quality, HMW-GS expression

  Effect of EM Compost on Summer Maize Yield 2012, 2 (9):  5-7.  Abstract + ( 1708 )   PDF ( 1000KB )   ( 1268 ) In order to research how the EM microbial fertilizer effect the food crops-corn and the effects of increasing, through spraying the EM microbial fertilizer in the ‘Jindan No. 63’ corn at jointing stage and huge bellbottom period, study the influence on corn yield. Results showed that, in conventional field management cases, EM microbial fertilizer can increase the plant height and corn ear, decrease corn bald, ear row number, increase grain number per row and hundred grain weight. Spraying only once can increase yields by 19.47%, and had no significant difference to the yields of spraying twice. Therefore suggest that spraying 600 times liquid EM microbial fertilizer at corn huge bellbottom period.

  The Current Situation and Problem and Measurement of the Plastic Greenhouse Seedling for Flue-cured Tobacco 2012, 2 (9):  8-10.  Abstract + ( 1204 )   PDF ( 922KB )   ( 1269 ) The article gave a review of Zhumadian tobacco area’s plastic greenhouse seedling technique application, and pointed out the existing technical problems of plastic greenhouse seedling for flue-cured tobacco, and also put forward some good measurements and suggestions.

  Advances in Research on Resistant Identification and Mechanism of Apple Varieties to Mites 2012, 2 (9):  11-17.  Abstract + ( 1270 )   PDF ( 1357KB )   ( 1349 ) The paper summarized the general situation of the resistance identification and mechanism of apple varieties to mites both at home and abroad during the past 30 years. The methods for identifying apple varieties resistance to mites were summarized and analyzed, and progress in the research on resistance mechanism of apple varieties to mites was discussed from the following aspects: morphology (such as leaf trichome), structure (such as leaf thickness and stomata), physical and chemical properties (such as nutrition constituent and secondary metabolites) and the relation with natural enemy of mites. Meanwhile, some suggestions on solving the existing problems were put forward. Finally, as for the present research, further researches in above fields were proposed to improve our research level comprehensively.

  Result Analysis for the Contrast Tests of Biotech Fertilizer (Bs Y1336+Compound Organic Fertilizer) in the Rice Field 2012, 2 (9):  18-22.  Abstract + ( 1913 )   PDF ( 1079KB )   ( 1271 ) To further application the yield increasing effect of the biological bacterium compound organic fertilizer which produced by Taiwan Biotech Company, we did some multiple repeat contrast tests with biological bacterium (Bs Y1336), compound organic fertilizer and common fertilizer, and analyzed the influence to the growth vigor, growth period, diseases and insect pests occurrence, yield components and the yield change in the rice field. The results showed that, when the total content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium was close to control, used the biological bacterium supplied by Biotech Company and compound organic fertilizer, the growth period would be longer of 1-2 days, the leaves would be more green in later stage, the effective of photosynthesis would last longer, promoted to enhance the grain weight in filling obviously, and had better inhibition action to sheath blight. Compared with using common fertilizer in per hm2 rice field, the yield increased by 533.7 kg, increase amplitude was 6.67% with controlling sheath blight, and the yield is also increased by 392.4-768.8 kg without sheath blight control, increase amplitude was 5.04%-10.37%, reach to the significant level and extremely significant level, have a better yield-increasing effect and good economic benefit.

  Protected Vegetables Pesticide Use in the Present Situation and Suggestions in Shandong Province 2012, 2 (9):  23-27.  Abstract + ( 1631 )   PDF ( 1234KB )   ( 1451 ) This paper described briefly food safety and environmental pollution problems caused by pesticide residues in protected vegetables, describes the current situation and problems of pesticide use in the protected vegetables in Shandong province, analyzed the main factors that led to the pesticide residues, including the low cultural quality of most of the farmers, lack of correct identification of diseases and insect pests, the use of pesticides only experience, preparing pesticide directly by hand, spraying is not standardized widespread. Finally, made a few suggestions combined with the protected vegetables cultivation characteristics and advantages in Shandong Province and provide a reference for strengthening the monitoring of pesticide residues, improving the cultural level of farmers and the scientific and rational use of pesticides.

  Architectural Analysis of Crown Geometry in Casuarina equisetifolia.L as Shelterbelt Species 2012, 2 (9):  28-31.  Abstract + ( 1515 )   PDF ( 1141KB )   ( 1639 ) In order to understand the adaptive response of C. equisetifolia.L to environmental stress and its adaptive strategy in different growth and developmental phases, architectural characteristics of C. equisetifolia.L were analyzed to provide theoretical guidance for coastal protection forest construction of China. In Dahe state-owned forest farm, Fujian Province, the branching patterns of C. equisetifolia. L in different growth and developmental phases were examined. The results showed that overall bifurcation ratio and stepwise bifurcation (SBR1:2) didn’t vary significantly among different phases, but the stepwise bifurcation (SBR2:3) in sapling phase was significantly lower than that in the mature phase (P<0.05). The first order branch angle to horizon and the second order branch angle to horizon in seedling stage were significantly different with the mature and the sapling stages. In different development stages, the architectural comparison showed that: in mature tree stage, forced by the wind, tree’s growth slowed down and the branching of C. equisetifolia.L grew downward relative to the horizontal plane. In seedling stage, tree’s height grew rapidly to obtain enough sunlight for photosynthesis, so the first order branch angle to horizon and the second order branch angle to horizon of it performed the trend of upward relative to the horizontal plane. In sapling stage, the branching of C. equisetifolia.L also performed the trend of downward relative to the horizontal plane. The length and width of branchlet showed no obvious regularity in seedling, sapling and mature stages. The interval of branchlet performed the trend of decreasing gradually from seedling, sapling to mature stages.

  Influence of Physiological Indicators and Fruit Quality on Grafted Muskmelon of Different Stocks 2012, 2 (9):  32-35.  Abstract + ( 1415 )   PDF ( 1346KB )   ( 1391 ) In order to compare the influence of physiological indicators and fruit quality on grafted muskmelon of different stocks and screen out the good stock for muskmelon, we carried out the experiment. The effects of different stocks on fruit quality and physiological indicators in leaves of grafted muskmelon ‘Xinshengyu’ during process of growth were studied by field experiment and physiological determination. The results showed that the contents of chlorophyll and the activities of Peroxidase (POD), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) and Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) in leaves of grafted plants at three growing periods were all higher than those of own-rooted plants, while the contents of Malondialdehyde (MDA) were lower. There were differences among different grafted combinations. Among the three combinations, the contents of the total soluble solids, soluble sugar，soluble protein and Vitamin C on grafted plants of oriental pickling melon stock were the highest，the own-rooted plants lower，and grafted plants of pumpkin stock were the lowest. The yield of grafted plants of oriental pickling melon stock was the highest and that of the own-rooted plants was the lowest. According to comprehensive indicators, oriental pickling melon stock was more prominent than pumpkin stock, and it could be used as good stock for muskmelon ‘Xinshengyu’.

  The Predicament and Solution of the Agricultural Water-saving Irrigation Technology Diffusion in Minqin County, Gansu Province 2012, 2 (9):  36-40.  Abstract + ( 1198 )   PDF ( 1021KB )   ( 1486 ) The water resource is deficient in Minqin County, the ecological environment is fragile, the development of agricultural production is severely limited, it’s difficult to raise farmers' income, so taking water-saving irrigation technology is necessary. Under the market economy background, the task about water-saving irrigation technology is arduous. The paper is mainly based on interview and case analysis, the purpose is to explore the spread condition and process of water-saving irrigation techniques in the rural communities, to find out the predicament and solutions of the diffusion of technology. The paper showed that the problems existed in single diffusion model, in low-status of the participation farmers and so on. The farmer field school was an effective way of dissemination and promotion of water-saving irrigation technology, people also needed to improve the water-saving irrigation technology dissemination mechanism, attracted women to participate and take children into the diffusion of technology in the education system.

  Bulk Curing Barn Frequency Conversion Control Technology of Application 2012, 2 (9):  41-43.  Abstract + ( 1128 )   PDF ( 1085KB )   ( 1243 ) In order to further improve the bulk curing barn automation technology, and achieve the purpose of energy conservation and quality, the test of automatic control device such as inverter and fan automatic control device chain inverter technology was studied. The results showed that variable frequency control technology was beneficial to conserve electricity, especially the treat of self-control and inverter chain speed control according to the dry bulb temperature difference between up and down of the installed room lowered the leaves wind speed in the dry rib period significantly, conserved electricity obviously, and improved the appearance of quality, darkened the color, coordinated the chemical composition of the cured tobacco.

  Response Surface Optimization of Two-step-hydrolysis Condition of Cottonseed Protein 2012, 2 (9):  44-50.  Abstract + ( 1213 )   PDF ( 2071KB )   ( 1166 ) To optimize the stepwise double-enzyme hydrolysis condition of cottonseed protein by Alacalase protease and Flavourzyme protease. Plackett-Burman (PB) design and Box-Behnken Design were applied to screening and optimizing 9 factors for the hydrolysis of cottonseed protein by Alacalase protease and Flavourzyme protease, in which the degree of hydrolysis (DH) was regarded as an index. It was shown that the optimum hydrolysis conditions were as follows: substrate concentration 9.66%(w/v), firstly, Alacalase hydrolyzed for 150 min under the conditions of 60.5℃, pH 8.0 and enzyme/substrate 25000 U/g, then Flavorzyme hydrolyzed for 120 min under the conditions of 50℃, pH 6.0 and enzyme/substrate 26576 U/g. Under this condition, the DH of enzyme-hydrolyzed product was 42.73%. The experimental results provide the basic data for the utilization of cottonseed protein.

  Comparative study of soybean protein hydrolysates prepared in different ways 2012, 2 (9):  51-55.  Abstract + ( 1268 )   PDF ( 1132KB )   ( 2088 ) In the present study, Alcalase protease and Protex.7L protease were utilized to hydrolyze soybean protein in different ways. i.e., single-enzyme hydrolysis as well as one-step and stepwise double-enzyme hydrolysis. After degree of hydrolysis, protein utilization, peptides yield, oligopeptides yield were measured to comparatively study soybean protein hydrolysate in different hydrolysis way. The results showed that stepwise double-enzyme hydrolysis was superior to single-enzyme hydrolysis and one-step double-enzyme hydrolysis, and sequential hydrolysis with Alcalase protease followed by Protex.7L protease was the best way. Under this way, the degree of hydrolysis, protein utilization, peptides yield, oligopeptides yield reached 23.5%, 68.7%, 51.0%, 21.4%.

  Analysis of Amylase Activity and Protein Content Among Several Malting Barley Cultivars (lines) 2012, 2 (9):  56-58.  Abstract + ( 1207 )   PDF ( 1036KB )   ( 1711 ) In order to provide suitable parent materials for malting barley, protein content andβandαamylase activity of 13cultivars were analyzed after they were subjected to selective breeding of ecological adaptability and production applicability. The results showed that β-amylase activity varied where it was significantly higher in hu mail 16 than those in others (P<0.05), then was A7-30 which was followed by jin barley2, those in 09-189, zhu3, gang1 and Han 98-58 were statistically lower than above cultivars (P<0.05); grain protein content in Jin barely 2, Lin 3,W-03 and Zhu 9125 were less than 12%; those in 09-189, A7-30, Jing 984 and Yan 95137 were between 12% and 12.5% which were higher than the rest 5 cultivals (P<0.05). Jin barley 2, 09-189 and A7-30 were the suitable parent materials for breeding malting barley since the higher β-amylase activity and than 12.5% grain protein content presented.In order to provide suitable parent materials for malting barley, protein content andβandαamylase activity of 13cultivars were analyzed after they were subjected to selective breeding of ecological adaptability and production applicability. The results showed that β-amylase activity varied where it was significantly higher in hu mail 16 than those in others (P<0.05), then was A7-30 which was followed by jin barley2, those in 09-189, zhu3, gang1 and Han 98-58 were statistically lower than above cultivars (P<0.05); grain protein content in Jin barely 2, Lin 3,W-03 and Zhu 9125 were less than 12%; those in 09-189, A7-30, Jing 984 and Yan 95137 were between 12% and 12.5% which were higher than the rest 5 cultivals (P<0.05). Jin barley 2, 09-189 and A7-30 were the suitable parent materials for breeding malting barley since the higher β-amylase activity and than 12.5% grain protein content presented.

  Analysis the Influencing Factor of Foxtail Millet Planting Area Changes in Hebei Province 2012, 2 (9):  59-67.  Abstract + ( 1263 )   PDF ( 3655KB )   ( 1366 ) Since reforming and opening, the Hebei Province foxtail millet planting area is constantly reduce, foxtail millet planting regional changes from the province of large area planted to the current regional planting, area reduction and regional change are very obvious. In this paper, in order to researching foxtail millet area reduction and regional change situation, through chart analysis, summarized and osculating value model of qualitative and quantitative analysis of millet growing region of Hebei Province changes. Conclusion showed that, less investment in research and policy support, a single consumer product demand, the rapid development of other staple crops, labor migration, relatively less effective and physiological characteristics of the millet itself, this factor effect foxtail millet regional change. Then put forward the suggestion that increased research support, strengthen the scientific research strength, R & D deep processing products and expand consumer groups, improve the millet policy support, thoroughbred allowance, developing a variety of types of machinery, increase the millet production technology training.

  A Review on the Study of the Village’s Debt 2012, 2 (9):  68-72.  Abstract + ( 1213 )   PDF ( 1032KB )   ( 1375 ) In order to deepen the development of village’s debt research, we make selective comments on the theoretical and empirical studies of debt in the last decade. In this paper, we introduce the status, the cause and the effects of the village’s debts. Especially, this paper emphatically discusses whether the debt is reasonable or not and how to solve this problem. However, these researches are limited to phenomenon description, and they lack studies on the causal relation. Finally, some opinions and suggestions are put forward that the future research should focus on the a certain aspect, and the method should be deepened.

  Rural Community Construction Under the Framework of the Community Correction 2012, 2 (9):  73-78.  Abstract + ( 1197 )   PDF ( 1229KB )   ( 1201 ) Community correction needs a community with good structure and sound function as the main body and the platform of the community correction, however in China the rural community construction has just started, so it can not effectively undertake the important task of community correction. Therefore, people must strengthen rural community construction in accordance with the special value of community correction. The rural community construction in the framework of community correction should have the characteristics of community containing, community risk control, community life security, community education, community autonomy, the rural community with the five characteristics really satisfy the requirements of the development of the rural community correction.