Current issue

• 2012 Vol.2 No.8 Published:20 August 2012

  Yield and Economic Benefit Analysis on Major Soybean Planting Models in the Sanjiang Plain of Heilongjiang Province 2012, 2 (8):  1-7.  Abstract + ( 1549 )   PDF ( 1142KB )   ( 1513 ) In order to understand the major problems causing low efficiency of the soybean production in China, and to find the technical countermeasures, the major soybean planting models of a state farm in the eastern part of Sanjiang Plain in Heilongjiang Province were compared using the input-output analysis, After selecting the typical and uniform fields, the manpower and material input of different planting models during growth period were recorded and the output benefits were analyzed under the conditions of the same variety and fertilization level. The results showed that, among the models investigated, the Wide Ridge with Plastic Mulching Model (WRPM) ranked first in yield enhancement, which was 4572.0 kg/hm2 in 2009 and 3880.5 kg/hm2 in 2010, respectively. Direct Seeding on Corn-stubble Ridge Model (DSCR) was the least in water and labor consumption, and produced high benefit (9518.7 yuan/hm2 in 2009, the highest among the four models, and the second in 2010). Wide Ridge and Densely Planting Model (WRDP) integrated the advantages of the ridge and flat plantings, resulting in optimum plant distribution and high population photosynthetic efficiency in the field, yielding 4002.0 kg/hm2 in 2009 and 3288.0 kg/hm2 in 2010. “Ridge Three” model was effective in water management, whose yield were 3597.0 kg/hm2 in 2009 and 3273.0 kg/hm2 in 2010, which was an suitable choice for soybean cultivation in low and wet lands. Soybean yield of individual farms in the countryside were 2935.5 kg/hm2 in 2009 and 2497.5 kg/hm2 in 2010, both were lower than that of the neighboring state farms, because of the limited field size, low mechanization level, poor management, etc. Comprehensive soybean planting models like WRPM are sophisticated and effective in Sanjinang Plain state farm system in term of the yield increase and benefit enhancement, but all models are subject to climate condition, technology and mechanization levels, indicating that farmers had to choose the suitable models according to their actual conditions. To improve the soybean production level of small individual farms in the countryside, the emphasis should be paid on the production scale enlargement, mechanization enhancement, and the extension of comprehensive planting models and the key technologies especially the deep chisel tillage and rotation, to ensure the standardization of the farming works.

  Research on the Regeneration System Establishment of Windsor Sweet Buckwheat 2012, 2 (8):  8-12.  Abstract + ( 1356 )   PDF ( 1136KB )   ( 1385 ) The research as the transgene system establishment, the agricultural bacillus lesds transformed the research to lay the foundtion which has further provided the theory basis and the technical guarantee for the genetic engineering improvement of the buckwheat biosynthesis. Selecting the buckwheat which is windsor sweet buckwheat for establishing regeneration system and antibitic screening system, We know explants are cotyledon and hypocotyl. The basic culture medium is called MS. We can add into the different Auxin and cytokinin under the different condition Auxin and cytokinin under the different condition, we studied Jiujiang bitter buckwheat of the seed leaf and under the hypocotyl injuries the organization the induction as well as does not decide the bud differentiation and the growth situation we can establish the best regeneration system through researching the different explants, as the transgene system establishment has further provided the theory basis. The research indicated that The windsor sweet buckwheat seed leaf produces injuries the organization the best culture medium is MS + 2,4-D 2 mg/L + 6-BA 0.4 mg/L. The induction bud's best culture medium is MS + 6-BA 1.5 mg/L + IBA 0.3 mg/l.The next hypocotyl induction injuries the organization the best culture medium is MS + 2,4-D 3 mg/L + 6-BA 0.5 mg/l, the induction bud's best culture medium is MS + 6-BA 0.05 mg/L + IBA 0.1 mg/L. The rooting induction the best culture medium is 1/2 MS.

  Effect of High Carbon Dioxide Treatment on Greening and Glycoalkaloid Content of Potatoes 2012, 2 (8):  13-16.  Abstract + ( 1369 )   PDF ( 1243KB )   ( 1489 ) In order to study the effect of high carbon dioxide treatment on greening and glycoalkaloid content of potatoes, stored under light condition, changes in a value, chlorophyll and glycoalkaloid content of potato peel with different time of high carbon dioxide treatment were investigated. Results showed that a value of potatoes decreased with extension of the storage time, the color tended to green. High carbon dioxide treatment could inhibit the decrease of a value of the potato peel, a value of HCO2-24 treatment maintained maximum during storage. Chlorophyll content of all treatments increased, until day 12 of storage, the content of control treatment was at 17.11mg/kg, HCO2-12 at 7.10 mg/kg, HCO2-48 at 4.80 mg/kg, whereas HCO2-24 at 3.45 mg/kg. Based on the experimental results, high carbon dioxide treatments could inhibit potato greening and prolong its shelf life. Glycoalkaloid content increased after storage; however, the content of HCO2-24 treatment was not decreased obviously.

  Influence of 1-MCP on Endogenous Ethylene and Peach Fruit Suture Softening 2012, 2 (8):  17-19.  Abstract + ( 1455 )   PDF ( 1129KB )   ( 1402 ) In order to know the relationship between suture softening of peach fruit and ethylene, experiment was carried out with 1-MCP (1-methylcyclopropene) treating the peach fruit at growth period, using gas chromatography to determine ethylene level in fruit, observing the rate of fruit suture softening and influence of 1-MCP on leaf and fruit quality. The results showed that, 1-MCP could effectively reduce the ethylene levels in suture site and kernel of peach fruit, reduce the embryo abortion with 80% compared with control; reduced suture softening fruit ratio, which was only 2% while the control was high up to 23%; adverse effects of 1-MCP on fruit quality and leaves was not found. So that 1-MCP can not only inhibit the ethylene occurs in fruit during postharvest storage, but also can inhibit the ethylene occurred in fruit during growth. It indicated that this can provide reference to 1-MCP applications for pre-harvest production.

  Study on the Interspecific Competition between Bemisia tabaci and Trialeurodes vaporariorum 2012, 2 (8):  20-24.  Abstract + ( 1483 )   PDF ( 1202KB )   ( 1368 ) This experiment studied on the interspecific competition between Bemisia tabaci and Trialeurodes vaporariorum and the selection of two pests to the eggplant, the cucumber, the tomato and the hot pepper in laboratory in 2008. For studying on the interspecific competition between the 2 pests, T. vaporariorum and B. tabaci were put the same number into the cage with one different host plant respectively and put two pests according to the different proportion into the cage with one eggplant. The selection of T. vaporariorum to pumpkin and eggplant was tested. The results showed that on the four kinds of host plants, the ability of building population of B. tabaci was higher than T. vaporariorum, especially on the eggplants; T. vaporariorum has been replaced by B. tabaci in no mater what propotion on eggplant; T. vaporariorum like pumpkins more than eggplants. It indicated that B. tabaci has higher competition ability than T. vaporariorum.

  Study of Control Effects of Several Nematicides on Banana Root-knot Nematodes in Field 2012, 2 (8):  25-27.  Abstract + ( 1251 )   PDF ( 1445KB )   ( 1579 ) In order to control the banana root-knot nematode more effectively, Fosthiazate 10% GR, Ethoprophos 10% GR and 2.5×108 living conidia/g Verticillium chlamydosporium MG were used in field to appraise their control effect. The results showed that the best control effect was Fosthiazate which could reach 82.50%, Followed by 2.5×108 living conidia/g Verticillium chlamydosporium MG and Ethoprophos 10% GR. The results showed that they all had good control effect which were above 70%, and any detrimental effects were not observed on banana, so they might be used in fields to control the banana root-knot nematode.

  Study on the False Smut Resistance of New Rice Combinations (Lines) from the Middle and Lower Yangtze River and Hunan Regional Trials 2012, 2 (8):  28-32.  Abstract + ( 1590 )   PDF ( 1164KB )   ( 1524 ) In order to clear the difference of false smut resistance and the correlation with plant type trait, false smut resistance of 427 new rice combinations (lines) from the middle and lower Yangtze River and Hunan rice regional trials were studied by natural infection and artificial inoculation. The results showed that: the difference was significant among combinations (lines) of resistance from different resources, to the resistance, the rate of the middle and lower Yangtze River regional trials combinations (lines) was higher than the Hunan, the former was 16.4%, and the later was 3.1%, to the middle susceptible, the former was lower, to the susceptible and high susceptible, the former was higher. The difference was significant among combinations (lines) of resistance from various ecotypes, the order of resistance was middle indica > late double-season indica > late singe-season japonica > late single-season indica. This was the first report on the correlation between plant type trait of high quality late indica combinations (lines) and false smut, the results showed that height and spike length was not associate with disease spike rate, panicle characters except spike length were significantly positively associated with the disease spike rate and the order of correlation between the grain density > numbers of grain > numbers of secondary branch > numbers of primary branch. Among 6 Hunan large scale planted high quality late indica cultivars, only ‘Nongxiang 18’ showed resistance to false smut.

  Effect of Cereal Cyst Nematode on Agronomic Characteristics and Yield Losses of Spring Wheat 2012, 2 (8):  33-36.  Abstract + ( 1321 )   PDF ( 2627KB )   ( 1300 ) In order to study the economic threshold of cereal cyst nematode (CCN), formulate the prevention and control countermeasure. Effects of population density of CCN on agronomic characteristics and yield losses of spring wheat were evaluated in greenhouse and field experiments, and the regression equation on correlation between CCN population density and yield losses was established. The results showed that damage of CCN to wheat roots could remarkably affected wheat agronomic characteristic including root development, wheat plant height, number of tillering and spikelets, and 1000-grain weight. The infulence of CCN to the tested agronomic characteristic was not significant different and yield losses were less than ten percent when population density of CCN was less than (15±2.5) eggs/g soil, while the agronomic characteristics test were significantly decreased and the yield losses were between 15.52% and 55.01% when the density of CCN was more than (30±3) eggs/g soil. We should strengthen the prevention and treatment to CCN in area the population density of CCN was more than 30 eggs/g soil.

  Study on Law of Fertilizer Demand of Seed Production Corn 2012, 2 (8):  37-43.  Abstract + ( 1323 )   PDF ( 1133KB )   ( 1658 ) Carried out for seed corn fertilizer law to provide a theoretical basis for the promotion of balanced fertilization technology, and improve seed production, reducing the adverse effects on the ecological environment of the blind fertilization. The characteristic of fertilizer requirement of seed production corn in Hexi Corridor was studied based on the multi-site experiments under high, mid and low fertilizing levels. The results showed that, the average seed yield of ZhengDan958 and ShengDan16 achieved 7744.5 kg/hm2 at sufficient quantities of fertilizer conditions; The demands for N, P2O5 and K2O for production of 100 kg of corn seeds were 2.653 kg, 1.115 kg and 3.449 kg respectively, in a proportion of 1:0.42:1.30. The dry matter accumulation process reached to 0.11%, 4.0%, 21.3%, 50.4%, 94.9% and 100% at the periods of trefoil, hexaphyllous, jointing, tasseling, grain filling and mature stage. The N, P and K accumulation rate were 43.6%, 37.8%, 58.3% during the seedling to jointing stage, 22.1%, 27.1%, 18.3% during the jointing to tasseling stage, 26.3%, 19.9%, 14.5% during the tasseling to grain filling stage, and 8.0%, 15.7%, 8.9% during the grain filling to mature stage respectively. The nutrient absorption peak occurred in the jointing stage. Base fertilizer should be emphasized in seed corn production field, while nitrogen and potassium fertilizers should be top dressed in the jointing stage and nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers slightly dressed in the tasseling stage, so as to meet the nutrient demands of the seed production. The results showed that the mid fertilizing level maximized the seed production potential completely, up to 516.3 kg per 666.7 m2, while excessive fertilizer applying had an indistinctive effect on yield.

  Evaluation of Available Microelement Contents in Tobacco of Baise 2012, 2 (8):  44-48.  Abstract + ( 1443 )   PDF ( 1085KB )   ( 1489 ) In order to supply micronutrients to tobacco field, balance nutrition of tobacco plant ,improve the quality of tobacco, and provide scientific basis for tobacco production in tobacco of Baise, selecting 236 soil samples from the main tobacco-growing counties in Baise, this study analyzed available microelement contents in the area. The results indicated that the available contents of Cu, Zn, Fe and Mn in tobacco of Baise was high or quite rich .However, there were less B, Mo, Cl in tobacco-planting soils. Therefore, it is necessary following the principles such as increasing application of B and Mo fertilizer will improve soil boron and molybdenum content, respectively. It should be application chlorine fertilizer with caution (such as potassium chloride), and it is a best method that application of tobacco-specific compound fertilizer containing chlorine fertilizer, which make the content of chlorine reach the appropriate range in tobacco leaves.

  Biological Characteristics of Begonia fimbristipulata Hance． 2012, 2 (8):  49-52.  Abstract + ( 3851 )   PDF ( 1232KB )   ( 4190 ) To accurately master the biological characteristics of Begoniaceae Begonia fimbristipulata Hance., and to better protect the unique local plant resources, further research and additional revise have been made on this species' six features, such as generic names, botany forms, environmental growing distribution, growing habits, collecting process and medicinal functions, through years of field investigation, domestication, cultivation of Begonia fimbristipulata Hance. in Dinghushan Mountain. The biological data of Begonia fimbristipulata Hance. has been systematically perfected in order to provide scientific evidence for this species' protection and correct use.

  Agrocybe chaxingu ‘Ancient tea 2’ New Kinds Matching Cultivation Technology Research 2012, 2 (8):  53-55.  Abstract + ( 1452 )   PDF ( 1118KB )   ( 1613 ) Using different concentrations of GA3, Triacontanandα-naphthaleneacetic acidsolution to deal with "ancient Tea 2 " Agrocybe chaxingu.The results show that the concentration of 5.0 (mg / L) of the GA3 solution, the concentration of 0.5 (mg / L) of triacontanol solution, the concentration of 15 (mg / L) of α-naphthaleneacetic acid solution, dealing with the "ancient Tea 2 " Agrocybe chaxingu., the yields were higher than the control group (CK) increased 23.3%, 18.6% and 18.2%, all P> 0.05, indicating that they differ between the control group significantly. That, with the concentration of GA3, triacontanol, α-naphthaleneacetic acid solution to deal with " ancient tea 2 " Agrocybe chaxingu can significantly increase production, in which GA3 is the best.

  Research on Regulating and Controlling Roles of Chloride and Zinc Ions to Swine Sperm Calcium Channel and Some Enzyme Activities 2012, 2 (8):  56-59.  Abstract + ( 1380 )   PDF ( 1132KB )   ( 1590 ) The regulating and controlling roles of chloride and zinc ions to swine sperm calcium channel and their mechanism were studied. Semen from healthy boar were filtered with gauze and divided into three groups, each group having 6 repeats. The group 1 semen was not added anything; the group 2 and 3 semen were added NaCl and ZnSO4 solution respectively. Being mixed and placed 2.5 h, various parameters of three experimental semen were measured. Experimental results showed that: (1)supplementation of optimum chlorine ions or zinc ions in semen could stimulate migration of calcium ions from semal plasm to sperm, thus calcium ion concentration in sperm rised significantly (P＜0.05), calcium ion concentration in semal plasm decreases slightly; (2)supplementation of chlorine or zinc ions in semen could strengthen sperm motility highly significantly (P＜0.01); (3) after supplementation of zinc ions in semen，the activities of AKP, CA and AC and the concentration of cAMP in sperm increased highly significantly (P＜0.01), the activities of AKP and AC in semal plasm rised highly significantly (P＜0.01), the concentration of cAMP in semal plasm increased significantly(P＜0.05); (4) after supplementation of chlorine ions in semen, the activities of AKP and AC in semal plasm rised highly significantly (P＜0.01), the concentration of cAMP in semal plasm increased significantly (P＞0.05). These results suggested that supplementation of optimum zinc or chlorine ions in boar semen might up-regulate the function of sperm calcium channel, and could improved the activities of AKP, CA and AC and the concentration of cAMP in semen, strengthen sperm motility.

  Analysis of Body and Gonad Traits & Nutrient Composition Among F2 Generation of Sea Urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius 2012, 2 (8):  60-67.  Abstract + ( 1433 )   PDF ( 1087KB )   ( 1457 ) 113 sea urchins Strongylocentrotus intermedius were randomly chosen from 25 families and the test height, test diameter, body weight, test volume, test weight, test dry weight, gut wet weight, Aristotle’s lantern height, Aristotle’s lantern diameter, Aristotle’s lantern weight, gonad wet weight, gonad index, gonad moisture, total glucose content, total protein content, total amino acid content and fatty acid composition were measured and then analyzed. The results showed that the character of test, Aristotle’s lantern and gut had no significant difference among families and between genders. Gut wet weight, test volume and body weight had high variation in the population. Gonad index was highly significantly different among families, and also between genders; and gonad wet weight was significant different among families, and highly significantly different between genders, both them had high variation in the population. The gonad color lies between bright yellow and bright orange red. △E1 (light orange-yellow color difference) and △E2 (light yellow color difference) were both significantly different among families. Gonad color of female sea urchins was significantly better than male. The total protain and amino acid content had very significant difference. EPA and AA content in the gonad total lipid was (5.42±4.05)% and (4.42±2.92)%. DHA was a little lower (0.94±0.86)%, but with high variation (92.99%) and highly significant difference among families. Duncan Multiple Comparison showed that, the families that have better gonad trait were SIF2-16, SIF2-10, SIF2-7. The test diameter sorted from superior to inferior was family SIF2-9, SIF2-21, SIF2-3. The sort list of body weight was SIF2-9, SIF2-20, SIF2-21.

  Study on Soil Evaporation and Water Utilization Efficiency in Different Irrigation Conditions 2012, 2 (8):  68-73.  Abstract + ( 1418 )   PDF ( 1493KB )   ( 1483 ) To establish high-efficient water saving intercropping patterns, a field experiment was conducted to investigate soil evaporation characteristics and water use efficiency under intercropping systems. The results showed that, the daily soil evaporation and total soil evaporation under high irrigation level of intercropping treatment was higher than that of other treatments; with increasing irrigation, total water consumption increased under intercropping treatments. Average daily soil evaporation was positively correlated with water content in the 0-30 cm soil profile; although evaporation and water consumption in intercropping system increase with increasing irrigation quota, overall WUE actually decreases. In general, keep the soil water content was 65% of field maximum capacity can not affect yield and economic efficiency, reduce invalid evaporation, improve water use efficiency.

  The Problems and Countermeasures of the Modern Agricultural Development in Dongcun Township, Fenyi, Jiangxi Province 2012, 2 (8):  74-78.  Abstract + ( 1412 )   PDF ( 1126KB )   ( 1489 ) As the construction of national modern agriculture demonstration district steadily, the construction of township modern agriculture put forward higher request. In order to speed up the construction of national modern agriculture demonstration district, there is a research for the agricultural development situation of Dongcun township, according to the field investigation, interview, market research and reading a large number of literature, and a thorough understanding for the basic people's government and farmers practical needs of modern agriculture. From the present situation and problems of the modern agricultural development, this article put forward the countermeasures and measures about the construction of the modern agriculture, mainly including planting structure, system planning, tourism, government support, science and technology innovation, market mechanism and environment protection, etc. Hope to provide a good modern agricultural development way for Dongcun township and the vast rural areas.