Current issue

• 2016 Vol.6 No.10 Published:01 November 2016

  Selection of Rice Resources Resistant to Cold at Seedling Stage 2016, 6 (10):  1-5.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16040023 Abstract + ( 1072 )   PDF ( 1172KB )   ( 727 ) For exploring cold tolerant gene source in rice, especially in indica rice, to promote the cold tolerant rice breeding , 18 germplasms, which were selected from 150 accessions collected from "rice germplasm repository of guangdong province" and introduced from the rice region in southern China, were used in the cold resistant rice germplasm screening test at the seelding stage. ‘Lijiangxintuanheigu’ was employed as cold-tolerant control and ‘Gui 99’ was employed as cold-sensitive control in the test. The test for the screening of cold tolerant germplasms was carried out in the phytotron by the method of the low temperature stress （PGV-36, the mean daily temperature 8.5 ℃）. The experimental results showed that: ① The growth and development of the tested materials slowed significantly under the low temperature stress, even stopped as the treatment went on; ② Under low temperature stress for 3 d or 6 d, the death rate of the tested materials was different significantly but the cold tolerance of japonica rice on the whole is better than the indica rice; ③ The death rate of the tested materials, which continued to grow 10 days under the natural environment after 3d or 6d low temperature stress, was employed as the evaluation index of cold tolerance. The cold tolerance of ‘Jing 44’ was the strongest, as its death rate was less than 25% after 8.5℃ low temperature stress for 6 days. The secondary were ‘Miao 110’, ‘2-319’ and ‘Huazhan’. The cold tolerance of ‘Yuanbaozhan’ and ‘Miao 108’ was medium, but that of the other 12 germplasms such as ‘318’, ‘R2168’ and ‘Chuangfeng 1’, etc was weak. In the cold tolerant germplasms, ‘Huazhan’ and ‘2-319’ are indica rice, ‘Miao 110’ is derived from the cross of indica and japonica, they all can be applied to cold tolerance breeding in indica rice.

  The Suitability of Spring-sowing Maize Varieties in Xinjiang by Introduction Experiment 2016, 6 (10):  6-11.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16030012 Abstract + ( 1218 )   PDF ( 1148KB )   ( 680 ) Scientific and technical support to Xinjiang is one of important strategic decisions in China. In order to promote development of the Maize research and to explore the experience of introduction and high yield in Xinjiang, and to improve the economic efficiency of maize, the introduction test of new maize varieties in Xinjiang was carried out from Maize Research Institute of Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences since 2013. Through the introduction of 42 maize varieties bred in Shanxi in recent years, the experiment was conducted by the field fine management and setting up the arrangement of the control. And the investigation of biological, agronomic and yield traits was carried out. From the test results, it can be know that there were effect on plant height, ear height, growth period along with environment change and density increased, film mulching cultivation. And most species can not adapt to the climate in Xinjiang, but there are still some varieties of moderate growth period, excellent agronomic characters, excellent resistance, yield more than that of the control. It can be seen that Shanxi bred varieties has better adaptability of Xinjiang Climate and cultivation mode that can be screened using. Therefore, we thought if the spring-sowing maize varieties bred in Shangxi should be popularized in Xinjiang, they must have these characteristics including high yield, enduring high-density planting, moderate growth period, strong lodging resistance and suitable for mechanical operation.

  Effects of Sodium Selenite Seed Soaking on Sorghum Growth, Yield and Seeds Selenium Content 2016, 6 (10):  12-15.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16060006 Abstract + ( 980 )   PDF ( 1271KB )   ( 929 ) Sorghum variety‘Jinza 18’was used as material, the effect of different contents sodium selenite seed soaking on seed germination and seeding growth of sorghum were studied by the method of indoor germination test. At the same time, the effect of different contents sodium selenite seed soaking on sorghum yield and seeds selenium content were studied by the method of field experiment. The results showed that germination potential, germination rate and vigor index were significantly improved when the seeds were socked in 0.1~0.5 mg Se/L sodium selenite solution, which could promote the growth of young root and bud. Sodium selenite seed soaking had no significant effect on yield, it could improve seeds selenium content, but the effect was not obvious. Sodium selenite seed soaking could be used as a supplementary measure to enhance selenium content in sorghum seeds.

  Sea Island Cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.) New Cultivars (Lines) in Regional Test of Xinjiang: Comprehensive Evaluation by Identical and Different Analysis Method 2016, 6 (10):  16-23.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16060001 Abstract + ( 1003 )   PDF ( 1345KB )   ( 709 ) Regional Test is the basis for production test and new variety registration. To overcome the limitation of traditional cultivar evaluation and enhance the competitiveness of new cultivar Gossypium barbadense L. on screening, promotion, demonstration and utilization can provide a scientific basis for setting variety breeding goals and mining high yield potential. Identical and different analysis method was used for comprehensive evaluation of 14 traits in 27 Gossypium barbadense L. cultivars (lines), and cultivars with good comprehensive trait were selected.‘H3549’had the highest comprehensive identical degree, which indicated that‘H3549’ had the best comprehensive traits, 96.79% of its 14 traits reached the breeding goals. The second was‘33687’. The yield and quality traits of the above two cultivars had relative advantage, the comprehensive traits were better, so the two could be preferentially popularized cultivars. Elongation rate, tenacity, yield and boll number per plant of‘K-379’,‘ X-2038’,‘H5161’,‘TH-314’,‘DJ10149’,‘G-92’,‘JSH12-3’,‘Yuanlong-10’ and‘Tarim09- 164’were lower, micronaire value were higher, and improvement approaches had been proposed. Connection degree of‘DJ09-172’,‘Changfeng-2’,‘Tarim08-362’,‘Tarim09-324’,‘Tarim10- 280’and‘11-616’were low with ideal cultivars, and need further observation or to be eliminated. Identical and different analysis method is simple in calculation and easy to master, feasible in regional test of Gossypium barbadense L..

  Causes for Occurrence and Damage Decline of Dacus dorsalis in Taizhou 2016, 6 (10):  24-26.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16040018 Abstract + ( 702 )   PDF ( 1067KB )   ( 784 ) Dacus dorsalis, a pest that originated in tropical or subtropical areas, is considered to be the top killer of fruit and vegetable. Dacus dorsalis was first reported in Taizhou in 2007, and seriously damaged partial local citrus orchards for 3 consecutive years. However, Dacus dorsalis has hardly been discovered since 2010 in Taizhou. In order to make sure the reason that Dacus dorsalis cannot colonize for a long time in Taizhou, the possibility of collective migration and centralized damage of Dacus dorsalis was analyzed, and the comprehensive influences of climate condition, ecological environment, host plant and soil condition were analyzed. The research has certain significance for quarantine and control of Dacus dorsalis in similar ecological regions.

  Effect of“Mountain”Type Fertilization on Rice Production 2016, 6 (10):  27-30.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16070010 Abstract + ( 667 )   PDF ( 1215KB )   ( 716 ) To explore the influence of“Mountain”type fertilization on rice growth and yield, verify the application effect of“Mountain”type fertilization on rice, the authors carried out comparison test on early rice, including“Mountain”type fertilization, blank control, conventional fertilization, fertilization recommended by provincial authorities and so on, and analyzed the tillering, agronomic traits, yield and economic benefits. The results showed that compared with conventional fertilization and fertilization recommended by provincial authorities,“Mountain”type fertilization decreased ineffective tillers and increased spike rate; increased plant height and ear length; increased real grains and seed rate; increased grain weight. Compared with conventional fertilization and fertilizer recommended by provincial authorities,“Mountain”type fertilization increased rice yield by 4.62%-7.4%, and net income by 850.5-1497.3 yuan/hm2.

  Fertilizer Effect and Recommended Application Amount on Super-high-yield Summer Maize 张静,皇甫自起,张慎举,郭振升 and 詹玉 2016, 6 (10):  31-35.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16060002 Abstract + ( 865 )   PDF ( 1452KB )   ( 737 ) The fertilizer effect and recommended application amount on super-high-yield summer maize were studied by“3414”fertilizer effect experiment. The results showed that the optimum economic output fitted by quadratic equation with one unknown was higher than that of ternary quadratic equation (0.48% ), binary quadratic equation was slightly lower than that of ternary quadratic equation (-0.05%); application amount of optimum economic yield fitted by quadratic equation with one unknown was higher than that of ternary quadratic equation (1.62% ), binary quadratic equation was slightly lower than that of ternary quadratic equation (-0.23%); output-input ratio fitted by quadratic equation with one unknown was slightly lower than that of ternary quadratic equation (0.7%), binary quadratic equation was slightly higher than that of ternary quadratic equation (2.17%). Therefore, the NPK average application value with optimum economic yield could be obtained from 3 categories 7 kinds of effect functions, which were N 300.80 kg/hm2, P2O5 186.13 kg/hm2 and K2O 218.97 kg/hm2. Then, the best economic yield of 14028.0 kg/hm2 and output-input ratio of 8.27 were obtained. The interaction effect of NPK was the highest, NP, NK and PK were all positive interactions, which followed the order of NP> NK> PK. Yield-increasing effect of single element followed the order of N> P> K.

  Comparison of Several Aeration Methods on Management of Odor Rivers and Lakes 2016, 6 (10):  36-39.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16070001 Abstract + ( 809 )   PDF ( 1271KB )   ( 781 ) In order to make a better management of odor rivers and lakes, after comparing several aeration equipment, the authors set multiple sets of comparative experiment to determine the type of pollutants and water temperature from different layers, so that we can make a comparison between micro-pore aeration and mechanical aeration methods. Using a variety of different aeration methods on the same pond (September to October), to determine the amount of dissolved oxygen, temperature difference of surface and the bottom of the pond etc. The results showed that: the micro-pore aeration technology had a better cost performance, was more effective for increasing the amount of dissolved oxygen in the water, at the same time, in some areas,the range of temperature changes with different periods of time,the function of adjusting the difference in temperature from water surface to the bottom was obvious in these areas, had better cooling effect.

  Agricultural Ecological Protection of Hakka Terrace in Chongyi, Jiangxi 2016, 6 (10):  40-47.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16040004 Abstract + ( 856 )   PDF ( 1194KB )   ( 1030 ) To ensure the agriculture sustainable development and the protection of agricultural ecological cultural heritage sites of Chong Yi Hakka Terrace, the paper in-depth analysis the problems and reasons of agricultural ecological environmental, the present situation and problems of agricultural ecological protection. It also puts forward the overall train of thought and the way of agricultural ecological protection, mainly includes actively establishing agricultural heritage protect area, increasing investment in agricultural science and technology and talents introduction, creating rich in Hakka culture characteristics of travel service, improving constantly the people’s protection consciousness, improving actively the protection and development of relevant policies and regulations, protecting actively and improving modern rice agriculture industry system, and improving the rural infrastructure of agriculture. The development and protection of the terraces will improve the terrace tourism value and cultural value, huge promoting effect to the economic development.

  Application of Green Techniques for Plant Protection in Baoshan Tobacco Production 2016, 6 (10):  48-53.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16040007 Abstract + ( 769 )   PDF ( 677KB )   ( 735 ) The background of green techniques for plant protection in Baoshan tobacco production was sketched in the article. The situation of tobacco diseases prevention and pests control was increasingly serious. Chemical and physical prevention greatly polluted the ecological system and reduced the tobacco leaf quality and safety. And on this basis, we constructed a green technique system for plant protection with biological control as the dominant means, agricultural control as the basis. In the same time, the current situation of tobacco plant protection in Baoshan was reviewed, the major problems were summarized, and the application of modern tobacco plant protection was also analyzed. It was believed that the application of green prevention and control techniques could achieve pesticide reduction, and had a positive influence on the harmonious development of the quality and quantity of tobacco.

  Organic Substrate Application in Vegetable Seedling Raising in China 姚秀萍 and 于立芝 2016, 6 (10):  54-57.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16060019 Abstract + ( 835 )   PDF ( 1055KB )   ( 1589 ) To study the organic substrates substitution for turf has certain significances and has become a hot research topic. The sources of organic substrates mainly concentrate in organic waste of agriculture and forestry, animal husbandry industrial wastes and municipal sludge and so on in China. In order to better explore and utilize organic substrates resources, the authors summed up the application of organic substrates of different sources to vegetable seedling raising. The results showed that the organic substrate produced by traditional and advanced technology had the characteristics of stability, strong buffer capacity, comprehensive nutrition and a good environment for root growth, which could reduce the production cost, cultivate high quality seedling and benefit cyclic utilization of resources, and replace or partly replace the turf. The prospects for future research direction were discussed to provide references for research and development on organic vegetable seedling raising technology in China.

  Hardness Genetic Analysis of Pink Hard-fruit Tomato 2016, 6 (10):  58-62.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16040019 Abstract + ( 1080 )   PDF ( 1384KB )   ( 1041 ) Hardness genetic laws of pink hard-fruit tomato were studied for breeding new varieties of pink hard-fruit tomato. The change of hardness degree and hereditary characters of tomato was studied with the texture analyzer, with female parents P27, male parents P31 and tomato F1 combination 15# as the test materials. The result showed that transverse hardness was the lowest, followed by longitudinal hardness and the hardness of fruit shoulder was the highest. The average hardness at green fruit stage was higher, the hardness at turning- color period and red ripe stage decreased significantly. The average hardness of P27, P31, F1 combinations 15# at red ripe fruit was 13.27, 10.88, 12.28 N, respectively. The hardness at red fruit stage and green fruit stage had significantly positive correlation. Fruit shape index of F1 combinations 15# at red ripe stage was 0.87. The fruit shape was round with 5-6 ventricles. The pericarp thickness was 0.7-0.8 cm. The single fruit weight was 258 g. It was the ideal bred variety for pink hard-tomato fruit. There was no necessary connection among fruit hardness and fruit size, pericarp thickness, ventricle numbers, single fruit weight. Fruit shape index could be used as indirect selection index of the hardness of tomato.

  Observation on Flowering Phenology of Kiwifruit Species in Nanjing 2016, 6 (10):  63-66.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16060008 Abstract + ( 855 )   PDF ( 1220KB )   ( 884 ) The authors observed the difference of flowering phenology between A.chinensis and A.deliciosa species in Nanjing in order to provide a theoretical guidance for their florescence prediction and management. A.chinensis and A.deliciosa species were used to observe and record early flowering stage, full flowering stage, dropping flowering stage and fruiting stage in the field. At the same time, the statistics of their blossom duration were analyzed. The results showed that: the florescence of A.chinensis and A.deliciosa species concentrated in the mid April and the early May,‘Hong yang’bloomed the earliest on April 10 and‘Hayward’bloomed the latest on May 3, the difference of which was 24 days; in addition, different kiwifruit varieties had different blossom duration, the longest blossom duration of‘Cuiyu’was 17 days and the shortest blossom duration of ‘Jinkui’was only 5 days; A.chinensis species bloomed earlier and had longer blossom duration than A.deliciosa.

  Spatial Organization of Guozhuang 2016, 6 (10):  67-72.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16060003 Abstract + ( 704 )   PDF ( 2392KB )   ( 780 ) Guozhuang is a representative work of natural landscape garden on the edge of West Lake in Hangzhou. It is a typical“front house back yard”pattern. By studying the spatial characteristics of each part in Guozhuang, the paper analyzed the design and construction techniques for space and space combination. It’s the purpose to employ such ways as using axis, borrowing the scenery, increasing spatial levels to organize orderly space, and make a distinction between the primary and secondary layout. The garden borrows scenery of the west lake, breaking through the limitation of base so that the dimensional feeling of the space is increased. The volume of garden is small, but the contrast of light and shade with different landscape elements makes spatial rhythm. It uses limited space to satisfy various purposes in spatial organization.

  Research Progress of Urban Multi-functional Forest Management 2016, 6 (10):  73-77.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16050004 Abstract + ( 779 )   PDF ( 1038KB )   ( 699 ) The aims of the study are to adapt to the trend of transforming forest from reasonable utilization and moderate development to protection and multi-functional anagement, and to establish the sustainable urban forest management system in light of the requirements of urban forest development in China. The present situation and development of urban forest in China was introduced. Then the development progresses of multifunctional forest management in both foreign countries such as the United States, Germany, Japan, and China’s Hongkong, Taiwan and mainland were reviewed. Meanwhile, the relevant laws and regulations of the above countries and regions were summarized in order to provide reference for urban multi- functional forest management in China.

  Conidia Production and Germination Conditions of Mung Bean Leaf Spot Pathogen 2016, 6 (10):  78-82.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16030016 Abstract + ( 942 )   PDF ( 1241KB )   ( 972 ) To understand the optimal condition for the development and germination of conidium in mung bean leaf spot caused by the Cercospora canescens, nine culture media and different culture conditions were studied. The results showed that Cercospora canescens could be sporulated in sorghum grain culture medium at 25℃ with 10 days post incubation (dpi). The amount of conidium sporulated could reach 9×105 conidium/mL at 14 dpi. There was less production of conidia with corn meal and wheat grain media, whereas no sporulation with other media. Additionally, a suitable condition for conidia germination was 25℃, pH 6-7 under dark condition, where germination rate could reach 76.0% after 20 h incubation, and there were significant differences in germination rates among different light and temperature conditions. In sucrose and peptone media, the conidia germination ratio was 87.0% and 86.3% , respectively. The optimal condition for sporulation of Cercospora canescens was at 25℃ on sorghum grain culture medium, and the optimal condition for spore germination was 25℃, pH 6-7 in darkness. Conidia germination radio could be mildly improved with the addition of sucrose and peptone.

  Loose Leaf Bulk Curing of Flue-cured Tobacco with Leaf-holding Needle Supporting Technology 2016, 6 (10):  83-87.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16050017 Abstract + ( 629 )   PDF ( 1253KB )   ( 734 ) In order to further optimize tobacco leaf curing process and popularize loose leaf curing technology in Jianyang District, Nanping City, the loose leaf bulk curing demonstration experiments of flue-cured tobacco with leaf-holding needle were conducted in Xiaohu Town and Huilong Village. A new air grid and lifting device were developed. Then experiments adopting new and traditional equipment were conducted, and the tobacco appearance quality, smoking quality, cost of labor force and energy and economic characteristics were evaluated and compared. The results showed that using loose leaf bulk curing with leaf-holding needle, loading tobacco leaves with the new lifting device outside could save 1.14 labors every curing process and reduce the cost by 0.11 yuan per kilogram of cured tobacco. Moreover, the new method could improve chemical components and sensory qualities of cured leaves. The study can provide theoretical support for development and popularization of leaf curing technology.

  Design and Application of Meteorological Weibo Management System 刘威 and 2016, 6 (10):  88-91.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16060012 Abstract + ( 595 )   PDF ( 1263KB )   ( 865 ) In order to improve the ability of meteorological service for agricultural production and accelerate the speed of meteorological disaster warning information, based on the Weibo open platform, the publishing backstage was built, using the information resource interface in the current operations of meteorological institute, all the datasets were assembled and a meteorological Weibo publishing management system was developed. By sending request to the publishing backstage, kinds of meteorological information could be published intelligently in the Weibo. To guarantee the accuracy and integrity of information as much as possible, it would be examined through a series of processes including the historical extreme value test, logical verification, keyword verification and integrity verification before it was published. As the abundant information can be released in time and obtained unimpeded, this system is helpful for improving the capability of preventing disasters and reducing damages for local meteorological department.

  Variation Characteristics of the Extreme Precipitation Threshold and the Extreme Precipitation Days in Nansi Lake Area During 1981-2014 2016, 6 (10):  92-96.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16060010 Abstract + ( 559 )   PDF ( 1294KB )   ( 658 ) The paper aims to study characteristics of the extreme precipitation in Nansi Lake. Using the daily precipitation data of 9 weather stations in Nansi Lake during 1981-2014, the variation characteristics of the extreme precipitation threshold and the extreme precipitation days were analyzed. The results showed that: (1) for extreme precipitation events of the 90th percent, 95th percent and the 99th percent, the average precipitation threshold was 24.7 mm, 40.0 mm and 80.2 mm, respectively; (2) the northern precipitation threshold was larger than the southern one in Nansi Lake area, as the eastern one was larger than the western one; the spatial distribution of the extremely heavy precipitation threshold was similar to the distribution of the amount of annual precipitation; (3) the average annual extreme precipitation of Nansi Lake area was stronger in northeastern and northern Nansi, and was weaker in southern and southwestern Nansi, the distribution was relatively similar to the precipitation climate average distribution of Nansi Lake area, reflecting that the contribution of the extreme precipitation was big to precipitation; (4) the extreme precipitation days in Nansi Lake was 3.08-3.56 days per year, showed that the site with bigger extreme precipitation threshold had less extreme precipitation days, the correlation coefficient reached - 0.893; (5) the contribution of the extreme precipitation to the total precipitation in Nansi Lake was 34.2%-37.7%, and the distribution of average annual extreme precipitation intensity was similar to the distribution of extreme precipitation threshold, showed that places with big threshold had high precipitation intensity and disaster risk; (6) the number of extreme precipitation days on average was 23.5 days, and rose at a rate of 4.5 d/10 a; (7) the total extreme precipitation days in Nansi Lake had mutations in the mid-and late 1980s, and had 2 oscillation periods of 2 years and 16 years.

  Innovations of Experimental Teaching in Economics and Management Specialties of Agricultural Universities 2016, 6 (10):  97-100.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16050008 Abstract + ( 900 )   PDF ( 1106KB )   ( 612 ) With the development of agriculture and rural areas, the key to improve education quality of agricultural economics and management specialties is experimental teaching innovation. To improve experimental teaching quality and talent cultivation of agricultural economics and management specialties in agricultural universities, we pointed out the necessities of experimental teaching innovations. Based on the status quo of economic management experimental teaching in Tianjin Agricultural University, some thoughts on experimental teaching innovation were put forward, including emphasizing characteristic of agricultural universities, building virtual simulation teaching platform, innovating experimental teaching methods, etc., to improve the experimental teaching quality and talent cultivation.