Current issue

• 2016 Vol.6 No.9 Published:29 September 2016

  Water Saving, High Yield, Wide Adaptability of‘Yaomai16’and Its Breeding Methods 2016, 6 (9):  1-7.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16040002 Abstract + ( 1227 )   PDF ( 1198KB )   ( 889 ) In order to breed new wheat varieties and enrich the breeding theory, the authors analyzed high yield, stable yield, wide adaptability, cold resistance, water saving, excellent quality and wheat midge resistance of wheat variety‘Yaomai16’. The data from the national winter wheat test of the northern part of the Huanghuai region and production experiments were analyzed. At the same time, the yield factors, water saving cultivation, resistance to insects and cold, grain chemistry and other methods were identified. The results showed that,‘Yaomai16’had high and stable yield, which was 5.73%-11.07% higher than that of the control cultivar‘Shi 4185’, and the increased yield point was 85.7%-100.0%. Three yield factors were coordinated, of which the spike number was 543.0×104/hm2-862.5×104/hm2, spikes per ear were about 36, and 1000-grain weight was 40 g.‘Yaomai16’had high panicle number, developed root system, luxuriant growth. The heat resistance of the functional leaf during the later grouting was strong, and leaf senescence was slow.‘Yaomai16’ was a new variety with high yield which was adaptable to both flood and fertile drought soil. It was characterized with vitreous grain, medium strong gluten strength, and excellent flour quality, and was suitable for making Chinese noodles and steamed bread.‘Yaomai16’had resistance to wheat midge, cold and heat, and was a new wheat variety with spike, grain and weight coordinated growth, water saving and high yield.

  Germplasm Resources and Heterosis Utilization of Maize in Heilongjiang Province from 1980 to 2012 靳晓春,王俊强,蒋佰福,牛忠林,邱磊,吴丽丽 and 夏永伟 2016, 6 (9):  8-14.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16040008 Abstract + ( 864 )   PDF ( 1268KB )   ( 900 ) The application of coeno-species, germplasm resource change and development history of heterosis pattern were analyzed with varieties whose promotion area was more than 13000 hectares in Heilongjiang Province from 1980 to 2012. The results showed that there were 21 varieties whose planting area was more than 100000 hectares every year, but only‘Demeiya1’and‘Demeiya2’had high density tolerance and were suitable for machine harvest, so the breeding of varieties with high density tolerance and machine harvest suitability should be enhanced. The local germplasm (50% in 1980s, 26% in 1990s, and then decreased quickly) and Lancaster germplasm (21% in 1980s, 42% in 1990s, 45% in 2000s, 35%in 2010s) played key roles in maize breeding in Heilongjiang Province, Reid germlasm (4% in 1980s, 4% in 1990s, 17% in 2000s, 23% in 2010s) was more and more important. After 2000, the germplasm resource was concentrated to the four main germplasms, but the application of LRC germplasm was less; the four main germplasms ration in heterosis pattern was 87.2% in 1980s, 69.2% in 1990s, 71.4% in 2000s and 56.8% in 2010s, which indicated that heterosis pattern increased gradually and the proportion of main heterosis pattern decreased.

  Waterlogging Stress During Cotton Bud Stage: Tolerance Identification and Responses 2016, 6 (9):  15-20.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16060020 Abstract + ( 1309 )   PDF ( 1266KB )   ( 842 ) The aim is to provide a theoretical basis for waterlogging-resistance breeding and waterlogging - evaluating indicator screening of cotton. 9 cotton varieties (lines) were used as materials with split plot experiment. In cotton bud stage, the effects of different waterlogging days (10 days and 20 days) on the physiological indicator, yield and quality indicators were analyzed. And then screen the waterloggingresistance varieties (lines) and waterlogging- sensitive varieties (lines). The results showed that: (1) MDA contents, dry weight per plant, boll weight, and fiber quality could be used as evaluating indicators of waterlogging resistance; (2) when the waterlogging stress lasted for 10 days, MDA contents of different cotton varieties (lines) were significant higher than that of the control(P<0.01),‘Shan6353’had the highest sum of embership function value, followed by‘Ganza108’and‘Nantong87-1220’, and the value was 2.76, 2.23 and 1.68, respectively, while‘ZhongCJ-1’and‘Jinza88F1’had relatively low value; (3) when the waterlogging stress lasted for 10 days, dry weight per plant significantly decreased compared with that of the control (P<0.01), the sum of membership function values of‘Ganza108’,‘C111’,‘Nantong87-1220’and‘Shan6353’ were relatively high, which was 2.11, 2.13, 2.55 and 2.19, respectively; while‘Xumian21’and‘Han8942’ had relatively low sum of membership function values; (4) when waterlogging stress lasted for 10 days, boll weight was significantly lower than that of the control (P<0.01), ‘Ganza108’,‘Nantong87- 1220’and ‘Shan6353’had little reduction degree, compared with the control; and their sum of membership function values were 1.00, 0.96 and 0.80, respectively; while‘JS11’(0.00),‘Jinza88F1’(0.04),‘ZhongCJ-1’(0.26), ‘Xumian21’(0.30) and‘Han8942’(0.33) had relatively low valuest; (5) the sum of membership function values of upper half mean length, fiber strength and elongation appeared in‘Ganza108’,‘Shan6353’and ‘Nantong87-1220’with higher values of 2.46, 2.17 and 1.75, respectively; while‘JS11’(0.53) and‘Han 8942’ (1.03) had relatively low values. In conclusion,‘Ganza108’and‘Shan6353’were waterlogging-resistance varieties, while‘Han8942’and‘Jinza88F1’were waterlogging-sensitive varieties.

  Salt Stress on Seed Germination and Bud Growth of Sorghum 白文斌,,,,, and 2016, 6 (9):  21-26.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16040014 Abstract + ( 947 )   PDF ( 1140KB )   ( 952 ) In order to select salt tolerance sorghum in bud stage and provide reference for the development and application of salt tolerance new variety and germplasm resource, and establish an efficient, fast and exact sorghum salt tolerance screening system, 60 sorghum lines were used as materials, the salt tolerance of different lines were studied by the measurement of seed germination and bud growth. The results showed that under 150 mmol/L NaCl stress, the germination, bud growth indexes of 60 sorghum parent materials were lower than that of CK, but the decreasing rate was different. The germination rate of 60 varieties (lines) showed a decreasing trend. The germination indexes of TX430.RHMC, Shanxi five/R111-2, SSA-1, 470312CD and Kyrgyzstan 7030-2×JW were higher, while that of 003533 short and 9710B were ordinary under salt stress, which indicated that they were sensitive to salt stress. The test screened out 14 first class salt tolerant varieties and 12 bud sensitive varieties.

  Effects of Planting Densities on Yield and Agronomic Traits of Early Maturing Short-Stalked New Variety Sorghum ‘Jiza141’ 陈冰嬬,郑海燕,李志民,李增杰 and 姜成 2016, 6 (9):  27-30.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16040031 Abstract + ( 2577 )   PDF ( 1079KB )   ( 879 ) The suitable combination of planting density was favorable for the yield increase of sorghum cultivar. In order to determine rational planting density of sorghum ‘Jiza141’, construct the good population structure, and give full play to the potential yield of sorghum varieties. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of plant density on agronomic characters and grain yield under varying plant densities 150000,200000,250000,300000,350000 plants/hm2. The results showed that with the increase of planting density, plant length was no significant difference, era length and era diameter tended to decrease, While biomass were high density exceed low density, The effects of planting density on yield traits were mainly 1000- grain weight and single panicle weight, and yield both showed a significant positive correlation, and both have a higher impact coordination on yield. In the Jiamusi growing areas,Optimal plant density for brew sorghum ‘Jiza141’production in this environment was 20000 or 30000 plants/hm2. It can obtain a high yield and the highest yield was 9183.00 kg/hm2 , under this density ,it can construct the good population, optimize light energy utilization efficiency, coordinate population growth and individual growth, which made grain yield to achieve higher level.

  Sensitivity of Gibberella zeae(Schwein.)Petch to carbendazim and correlation to fungicides 2016, 6 (9):  31-36.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16040033 Abstract + ( 934 )   PDF ( 1262KB )   ( 1278 ) In order to investigate the resistance of Gibberella zeae (Schwein.) Petch to carbendazim and the cross resistance to carbendazim and other fungicides, the drug resistance of 520 isolates of G.zeae (Schwein.) Petch collected from 26 counties (cities) in Jiangsu Province were detected by the method of distinguishing dosage method, and then 10 isolates with different sensitivities to carbendazim were used to study the cross resistance to azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, trifloxystrobin, pyrametostrobin, epoxiconazole, hexaconazole, triticonazol and fludioxonil by the method of mycelium growth rate method. The results showed that the resistance frequency of G.zeae (Schwein.) Petch of different counties (cities) in Jiangsu was different, and the total resistance frequency was 50.58%; correlation analysis of EC50 showed that there was no cross resistance between carbendazim and other fungicides. These results suggested that G.zeae (Schwein.) Petch in Jiangsu had relatively high resistance frequency to carbendazim, and it was urgent to screen new fungicide to control fusarium head blight.

  Formulation and Bioactivity of Spirodiclofen Sulfonester · Avermectins 30% OD 2016, 6 (9):  37-41.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16020007 Abstract + ( 1276 )   PDF ( 1234KB )   ( 1174 ) The co- toxicity of different proportions of spirodiclofen sulfonester and avermectins against Tetranychus urticae Koch was tested, and the optimal mixing- ratio was determined. By screening the emulsifiers and synergists, the optimum formulation of spirodiclofen sulfonester · avermectins 30% OD was developed. The control efficacy of spirodiclofen sulfonester · avermectins 30% OD against Tetranychus urticae Koch and Panonychus citri Mcgregor in field was tested. The formulation was spirodiclofen Sulfonester 27%, avermectins 3%, YUS FS3000 4%, 601# 5%, T-20 7%, organobentonite 2%, GY-T0304 0.4% and methyl oleate up to 100%. Spirodiclofen sulfonester · avermectins 30% OD met the requirements of OD. The field control efficacy test showed that: the field control efficacy of spirodiclofen sulfonester · avermectins 30% OD against Tetranychus urticae Koch and Panonychus citri Mcgregor was better than that of spirodiclofen avermectins 30% OD, and it had a long lasting period and a good development prospect.

  Development and Application of Pymetrozine Sulfonate Dinotefuran 25% Oil-Based Suspension Concentrate 2016, 6 (9):  42-47.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16030022 Abstract + ( 1281 )   PDF ( 1251KB )   ( 1200 ) In order to develop a formulation for controlling rice plant hopper and wheat aphid, the optimal ratio of pymetrozine sulfonate and dinotefuran was determined by co-toxicity coefficient method, and the optimal formulation was confirmed by selecting the adjuvant systems. The control efficacy of pymetrozine sulfonate·dinotefuran 25% OD against rice plant hopper and wheat aphid in field was tested. The superior composition consisted of pymetrozine sulfonate 12.5%, dinotefuran 12.5%, 601# 8%, T-80 9%, 5% SP SC-3, modified soil 4% , methyl oleate was up to 100% . The field control efficacy trials showed that: pymetrozine sulfonate dinotefuran 25% OD had comparatively faster availability and higher activity than the control formulation. Therefore, pymetrozine sulfonate dinotefuran 25% OD could meet the requirements of OD, and had excellent control effect against rice plant hopper and wheat aphid.

  Application Effect of Summer Maize High Yield Establish and Fertilization Simplify Technology in Moisture Soil Area in Eastern Henan 2016, 6 (9):  48-51.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16040016 Abstract + ( 1067 )   PDF ( 1076KB )   ( 811 ) In order to achieve summer maize high yield and fertilization simplification in moisture soil area in eastern Henan, the effect of slow release fertilizer on summer maize yield, economic benefit and stress resistance was analyzed by field experiment and demonstration. The results of test in Shangshui and Zhoukou showed that slow release fertilizer with nitrogen proportion accounting for 45% could increase thousand seed weight and kernels number per spike, compared with that under traditional fertilization, the thousand seed weight increased by 28 g, kernels number per spike increased by 16. Slow release fertilizer promoted the absorption of nutrients of summer maize, and it could maintain the balance of nitrogen nutrient in soil, it had significant yield and efficiency increasing effect; compared with traditional fertilization, the application of slow release fertilizer (seed and fertilizer applied in the same time) increased the yield by 13.5%, increased the benefit by 1920 yuan/hm2; compared with normal fertilizer, the slow release fertilizer increased yield by 10.3%, increased the benefit by 1215 yuan/ hm2. The study provided reference for the promotion of slow release fertilizer in Zhoukou.

  Daily Range of Temperature: Variation Characteristics in Shouguang in Recent 56 Years 2016, 6 (9):  52-56.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16040028 Abstract + ( 1016 )   PDF ( 1213KB )   ( 1463 ) The paper aims to reveal the evolvement rule and characteristics of the daily range of temperature in Shouguang. According to the daily maximum and minimum temperature data in Shouguang from 1959 to 2014, by using methods of linear tendency estimation, cumulative anomaly, Mann-Kendall and noise-signal ratio etc., the variation characteristics of the daily range of temperature in recent 56 years were statistically analyzed. The results showed that: the annual average daily range of temperature in Shouguang significantly decreased by 0.38℃/10 a; the decadal maximum value of daily range of temperature appeared in 1960s, while the minimum value appeared in 2000s; the daily range of temperature in spring was the maximum, while that in summer was the minimum; the daily range of temperature in each season significantly decreased, and the winter had the most significant change, and the variation range of temperature in summer was the minimum; the daily range of temperature was the maximum in May and the minimum in August, the trend was a decreasing one; a significant mutation of the annual daily range of temperature with a decrease occurred in 1998, the anomalies of daily range of temperature of spring, summer, autumn and winter were in 1981, 1988, 1993 and 1992, respectively.

  Resistance of Cowpea Seed Deterioration Before and After Harvest 2016, 6 (9):  57-60.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16030029 Abstract + ( 757 )   PDF ( 1242KB )   ( 781 ) Different cowpea germplasms have various environment adaptabilities and storage resistance during seeds formation process. Understanding the cowpea varieties’ anti- deterioration ability has certain significance to guiding new variety breeding, seeds production and variety commercialization. Five cowpea germplasms’seeds were treated by methanol stress and incubating weathering method to identify seeds deterioration before and after harvest. The results indicated that‘Fengjiang Shihao’germplasm had poor adaptability. Its growth could be influenced by the climate, not suitable for large-scale commercialization. The comprehensive performance of two germplasms, ‘Darunfa’and‘Fengjiang Qingyou’, were the best, they had a wide range climatic adaptability and were suitable for large area planting.

  Cytology Characteristics of Double Grain Sorghum Development 2016, 6 (9):  61-68.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16050002 Abstract + ( 1023 )   PDF ( 2430KB )   ( 841 ) In order to figure out morphological and anatomical structures of double grain sorghum and its development process, improve the morphological and anatomical theory of sorghum, and explore cytological mechanism of forming process of double grain sorghum, double grain sorghum ISD-1 was used as material, and the ovary and anther development processes were observed with the traditional paraffin section method. Through cytology study on the female and male gametophyte development of double grain sorghum, it found that the pistil base of double grain sorghum fertile flowers of sessile spikelet grew into two different sized cavities. A spacer layer was between them, there were three anthers and an ovary in each cavity. The development of small and large cavities was in no particular order. The ovules, megasporogenesis, anther development and microsporogenesis were out of sync in two cavities. Anther development was different from traditional form. Anther first developed into one or two pollen sacs, and then the pollen sacs integrated into one complete anther. Compared with single grain sorghum, there were some distinct cytological characteristics in double grain sorghum. This study initially revealed that the reason for double grain sorghum formation was its pistil was divided into two cavities, and these cavities had complete structure of anther and ovary. The study is of significance to optimize the morphological and anatomical theory of sorghum.

  Characteristics of Internet Public Opinion on Agricultural Production and Food Safety in 2015 张祚本 and 毕坤 2016, 6 (9):  69-75.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16040032 Abstract + ( 1004 )   PDF ( 1255KB )   ( 822 ) In order to know well about internet public opinions on agricultural production and food safety, mainstream media including news website, business portal website, agricultural industrial website, and we media including forum, blog and microblog in 2015 were monitored. The results showed that there were four characteristics of internet public opinions on agricultural production and food safety in 2015. Firstly, the total number of public opinions about agricultural production and food safety was higher than that of 2014. Secondly, the trend of the amount of public opinions was highly related to farming seasons. Thirdly, news issued by government websites had an increasing attention. Fourthly, mainstream media had larger influence over others, and topics in we media were more specialization. Agricultural green production，twelve even increase of grain production and potato as main food were hot topics on the internet in 2015. The difficulty of selling grain was centered by media in the second half year.

  Developing Path of Key Towns in Beijing Suburb in the Context of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Coordinated Development 2016, 6 (9):  76-81.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16020012 Abstract + ( 753 )   PDF ( 1114KB )   ( 1296 ) The key towns (KTs) in Beijing suburb play an important role in the urban system of Beijing megacity. In the context of coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, examining the development of the KTs has practical significance. Based on the analysis of epoch-background, we pointed out the position and role of KTs, analyzed the existing problems in KTs development, such as less prominent features, low industry level, poor investment and financing mechanism, insufficient capacity of population aggregation, and suggested that the KTs should be developed more ecologically, well-organized in a cluster pattern, with special functionality and industrial convergence. At the end of the research, we brought forward eight suggestions for the KTs development at present stage, namely, carrying out the urban brand management, focusing on creating famous town, playing an active role in the market, forming construction together, promoting the development of innovation and entrepreneurship actively, and cultivating new economic growth point, which could be conducive to the decision-making concerning the KTs development in Beijing.

  Development Status and Countermeasures of Private Rubber Industry in Hainan Province Under the New Normal 2016, 6 (9):  82-85.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16040010 Abstract + ( 771 )   PDF ( 1014KB )   ( 745 ) In order to guide the healthy development of private rubber industry in Hainan Province, its development history was reviewed, and the current situation and existing problems were analyzed. The existing problems included the falling price, labor shortage, insufficient technic support, inadequate high quality seedlings, low- level standardized production and weak risk resistant ability. Thus the authors provided suggestions, such as developing under forest economy, strengthening social service, perfecting subsidy mechanism and constructing standardized base of natural rubber, to promote the development of private natural rubber industry in Hainan Province.

  Rural Limited Property House: An Theoretical Exploration 高 2016, 6 (9):  86-90.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16030024 Abstract + ( 874 )   PDF ( 1087KB )   ( 1410 ) In order to resolve the increasing problems of rural limited property house, the author used social empirical and data analysis method, based on present situation of rural limited property house and the reasons for its formation, to evaluate current resolution ways to the problems of rural limited property house. The author pointed out that solving the problems of rural limited property house must be under the premise of maintaining social stability and the interests of farmers, the legalization of rural limited property house had a certain legal support, and the ban of rural collective land development lack legal basis, both aspects should be taken into consideration for solving the problems of rural limited property house.

  Farmers’Cognition on Agricultural Landscape Affecting Sustainable Development of Agriculture 2016, 6 (9):  91-95.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16040034 Abstract + ( 1088 )   PDF ( 1087KB )   ( 1003 ) In order to explore whether local farmers’cognitions have effects on the future sustainable development of agriculture, a questionnaire survey was carried out from April to May in 2012 in Gongyi, Henan Province. The results showed that most of the interviewed local farmers could recognize the economic and productive functions and services of agricultural landscape. But there was no obvious evidence indicating that those interviewed local farmers had high cognitions on other functions and services of agricultural landscape, such as ecological, cultural and regulatory functions. 42% interviewees affirmatively expressed their inclination for current situations, 25% interviewees would like to take part in the“Grain for Green Project”instead of growing crops because of the economic compensations offered by the government. This indicated that economic interest was the main driving force for farmers to do some changes on agricultural landscape. Therefore, more deeply studies on the relationships among agricultural landscape management, farmers’developmental intension and government’s decision needed to be conducted in the future.

  Farmers’Income Increase in Wenshui County 2016, 6 (9):  96-100.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16040021 Abstract + ( 922 )   PDF ( 1192KB )   ( 806 ) In order to improve the rural economic development of the county, this paper takes Wenshui County as the research object. According to regional inspection, survey data and literature review analyzes Wenshui County farmers income status; and according to the County agricultural characters, combined with the work deployment of the current county agricultural development mode change, this paper pointed out that the farmers'' income has the characteristics of slow increase of production, narrowing the income gap between urban and rural areas, unbalanced growth. The main reasons are the slow development of the village level organization, the circulation of land, the circulation of agricultural products and the service of science and technology. On the basis of this paper proposed accelerate Wenshui County pace of peasant''s income several suggestions: the development of science and industrial layout; to strengthen the building of village level organizations; development of farmers'' professional cooperatives; increase the income of the agricultural products; coordination of agricultural funds.