Current issue

• 2016 Vol.6 No.5 Published:01 June 2016

  Grey Correlative Degree Analysis and Comprehensive Evaluation of Main Agronomic Characters of Millet Hybrids 2016, 6 (5):  1-5.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas15070005 Abstract + ( 975 )   PDF ( 1126KB )   ( 759 ) Although millet hybrids had higher yield than the traditional seeds, there were still some problems in the production when hybrids were used to substitute qualified traditional seeds. Their quality and premature senility were both challenges. Based on the grey system theory, this paper used grey correlative degree analysis to study the yield of 9 samples of qualified millet hybrids and the relations among their main agronomic traits, so as to find the main factors which could solve the premature senility problem. Main agronomic traits were closely related to yield in the following order: growth duration>sprout number per acreage>ear length>grainrates>functional leaves width>functional leaves length>density of secondary ear>grain weight per ear>single ear weight>plant height>code number per ear>number of tillers. The growth duration, functional leaves length and width should be considered as the main factors which had a great effect on premature senility solution. The suitable growth duration could increase ear length and improve the retention capacity of functional leaves, which could prevent premature senility and get high yield of millet hybrids. This study provided a reference for the selection and breeding of new varieties of millet hybrids.

  Combining Ability and Heritability of New Sorghum Parental Lines 2016, 6 (5):  6-10.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas15110021 Abstract + ( 1024 )   PDF ( 1061KB )   ( 725 ) In order to select parental lines with high combining ability and heritability, and breed strong heterosis and high yield grain sorghum, 18 crossing combinations were made by 3 new sterile lines and 6 new restorer lines with incomplete diallel cross method. General combining ability (GCA) effects and special combining ability (SCA) were used to analyze 6 main agronomic traits including the growth period, plant height, spike length, 1000 grain weight, grain weight per spike and yield. The result showed that the general combining ability of sterile line 15512A was higher in spike length, 1000 grain weight and yield, and the relative effect value of these traits was 2.4962, 4.8319, and 2.6174, respectively. The general combining ability of sterile line 15520A was higher in plant height, grain weight per spike and growth period, and the relative effect value of these traits was 6.9927, 5.7449, and 2.1595, respectively. The general combining ability of restorer line 15670, 15652 and 15607 were relatively high. These parental lines could be applied to breeding and production in the future. The order of the ratio of additive genetic variance to genotype variance of the 6 main agronomic traits was: spike length＞ grain weight per spike＞ plant height ＞growth period ＞yield ＞1000 grain weight. In view of yield trait, 15511A×15652 was a better heterotic pattern.

  Resistance Evaluation of Late Japonica Rice Varieties Against Rice False Smut in Jiangxi Province and Chemical Control Technology 2016, 6 (5):  11-17.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas15110013 Abstract + ( 1141 )   PDF ( 1431KB )   ( 764 ) To screen resistant varieties of late japonica rice to rice false smut planted in Jiangxi province, and fungicides against rice false smut and its using technologies, the resistance of 27 introduction varieties of late japonica rice to rice false smut in Jiangxi Province was identified by natural infection, indoor toxicity of 10 fungicides against rice false smut was assayed by measuring mycelial growth rate, the efficacies of 10 fungicides against rice false smut and the effects of spray timing and times on the efficacies of 3 fungicides were conducted by field trials. Field test results showed that there were 3 high resistance varieties (Changjiang 32, Changyou No.5 and Chishou jingwu), 14 resistance varieties (Changjiang 19, etc.), 7 middle resistance varieties (Yongyou No.12, etc.) and 3 middle susceptible varieties ((Yongyou 15, etc.) among 27 tested varieties according to disease panicle rate for resistance evaluation index. There were 25 high resistance varieties (Changjiang 19, etc.) and resistance varieties (Yongyou 15 and Yongyou 15) according to disease index for resistance evaluation index. Bioassay results showed that the order of relative toxicity indexes, which 10 kinds of fungicides inhibited mycelium growth of rice false smut, were fenbuconazole(168.49), thifluzamide(111.08), azoxystrobin(107.84), epoxiconazole91.68), difenoconazole?propiconazole83.47), tebuconazole(42.34), prochloraz(21.51), hexaconazole(12.92), triadimefon(1.32) and Jinggangmycin A(1), respectively. The field tests revealed that the efficacy of thifluzamide (24% SC), fenbuconazole (24% SC), epoxiconazole (12.5% SC) and azoxystrobin (25% SC) against rice false smut were highest with panicle efficacy of 69.89%～74.33% and disease index efficacy of 69.16%～76.12% by the survey in late rice ripening (November 14th) according to spray with the recommended using dose in paddy field in heading, followed by difenoconazole?propiconazole (300g/L EC) and tebuconazole (43% SC) with panicle efficacy of 55.29%～59.31% and disease index efficacy of 59.84%～64.53%. The efficacies of hexaconazole (30% SC), triadimefon (15% WP) jingangmycin A (5% SP) and prochloraz (25% EC) were relatively poor, and those of their panicle were below 50% and those of their disease index were below 59%. The efficacies of fenbuconazole (24% SC), epoxiconazole (12.5% SC) and thifluzamide (24% SC) against rice false smut decreased with delaying spray timing at 7 d before heading, heading and 7 d after heading, with spray at 7 d before heading being the best, and with spray at 7 d after heading being the worst. The efficacies of 3 fungicides against rice false smut rose with increasing spray times with spraying once (at 7 d before heading), 2 times (at 7 d before heading and heading) and 3 times (at 7 d before heading, heading and 7 d after heading), which there was no significant difference between the panicle and disease index efficacies with spraying 2 times and 3 times. The panicle and disease index efficacies of fenbuconazole (24% SC) and thifluzamide (24% SC) with spraying 2 times and 3 times were significant better than that with spraying 1 time, and there was no significant difference between the panicle and disease index efficacies of epoxiconazole (12.5% SC)with spraying 2 times and 3 times and that with spraying 1 time. The result provides a basis for the breeding and application of resistance varieties of late japonica rice in Jiangxi province and chemical control against rice false smut.

  Laboratory Screening and Field Control Effect of Five Kinds of Fungicides on Tomato Basal Stem Rot 2016, 6 (5):  18-22.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas15090002 Abstract + ( 1359 )   PDF ( 1271KB )   ( 1176 ) The paper aims to screen out effective fungicides to control tomato basal stem rot and provide guidance for field control. Inhibiting effect of 5 fungicides on the growth of Pythium ultimum was investigated indoor. The test verified that the 5 fungicides, hymexazol, ovraclostrobin·metiram, copper calcium sulphate, thiophanate-methyl and famoxadone·cymoxanil, had control effect on the growth of Pythium ultimum. The results showed that hymexazol had the best antibacterial effect with the EC50 value of 0.364 mg/L, then was ovraclostrobin·metiram with the EC50 value of 9.247 mg/L, other fungicides had poor control efficiency. In field fungicide screening test, the combined control efficiency of 70% hymexazol WP and 70% thiophanate-methyl WP was 95.57%, which was better than other combinations and could be used in field control.

  Prevention and Treatment Effect of Biopesticide and Biochemical Compounded Preparation on Autumn Tomato Greenhouse Whitefly 2016, 6 (5):  23-27.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas15100010 Abstract + ( 982 )   PDF ( 1173KB )   ( 847 ) In order to reduce the occurrence and damage of the tomato Autumn Greenhouse Whitefly, decrease the chemical pesticides usage, residue and environmental pollution, the methods of forecasting, randomized block design and statistical analysis were used to the field efficacy trials, which conducted of the control effect of tomato virus disease by using two biopesticide Avermectins/Gibberellin-heteroauxin-brassinolide (GHB) and Matrine/GHB and biochemical compound pesticide combinations Armor amino abamectin benzoate/GHB.

  Co-toxicity and Effect of Mixtures of Fenaminstrobin and Difenoconazole Against Mycosphaerlla melonis of Watermelon 茹李军,,,, and 2016, 6 (5):  28-32.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas15090006 Abstract + ( 1032 )   PDF ( 1275KB )   ( 837 ) [Objective][Method] The toxicity of fenaminstrobin, difenoconazole and their mixtures were tested by toxic media method on Mycosphaerlla melonis, in order to determine the combined effect of the mixtures.[Result]The results showed that, the EC50 of the mixtures at the ratio of1:0, 0:1, 5:1, 3:1, 1:1, 1:3,1:5 were 17.6、0.22、0.68、0.63、0.35、0.28、0.26mg/L, respectively.And the co-toxicity were 182.70, 134.63, 124.16,104.33,101.29, respectively. Field efficacy tests showed that the control effect of 24% fenaminstrobin.difenoconazole SC to gummy stem blight from watermelon was better. Gummy stem blight from watermelon can be controlled well by spraying 24% fenaminstrobin.difenoconazole SC once the disease occurs at the concentration of 200-400 mg/L.[Conclusion] The mixtures at the ratio of 5:1, 3:1 and 1:1 have synergism on Mycosphaerlla melonis, and the ratio of 1:3 and 1:5 have additive action. 24% fenaminstrobin and difenoconazole SC can be applied to control gummy stem blight in practical production.

  Research Advances in Sublethal Effect of Pesticide 2016, 6 (5):  33-38.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas15100014 Abstract + ( 868 )   PDF ( 1122KB )   ( 1532 ) The sublethal effect of pesticides is an important subject of pest management. The ultimate object of the study is to promote the reasonable application of chemical pesticide in integrated pest management (IPM), also the purpose of “pest control with pesticide reduction” is achieved. Based on the published information, sublethal effects of pesticides on growth, fecundity, ecological behavior and resistance of insects were reviewed. The mechanism of sublethal effects of detoxifying enzymes and sex pheromone communication system were stated in this paper, as well as the developing prospects in future were discussed. Overall, this review aimed at offering basic knowledge of sublethal effect and application of pesticides.

  Effects of Organic Selenium Fertilizer on the Selenium,Trace Elements and Active Components in Cyclocarya paliurus(Batal.) Iljinskaja 2016, 6 (5):  39-42.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16020010 Abstract + ( 1085 )   PDF ( 1183KB )   ( 853 ) The effect of organic selenium fertilizer on contents of selenium, important trace elements and active components (saponins, flavonoids, polysaccharides and so on) of Cyclocarya paliurus (Batal.) Iljinskaja of different growth years were investigated. Three selenium spraying contents (6000, 3000 and 1500 mg/100 g) were set and sprayed in April, June and August on 10-year-old trees and 3-year-old trees, leaves were sampled respectively in May, July and September. The contents of selenium, trace elements and active components were determined. The results showed that the spraying of organic selenium fertilize could significantly enhance selenium content in leaves, and the highest selenium content of leaves could reach 7.31 mg/kg, which was 41 times as much as that of CK, the selenium content in leaves were positively correlated to the spraying amount and affected by spraying time. Leave selenium content in May was similar to that in July, and significantly higher than that in September. Leave selenium content of 10-year-old trees was higher than that of 3-year-old trees. The content of Mg, Zn, Cr, Ni, V increased after the spraying of organic selenium fertilizer, but the content of Mn and Cu decreased. The content of saponins, flavonoids and polysaccharides increased by 2.8%, 8.9% and 2.4%, respectively.

  Hanging Hydroponic Culture Seedling of Perfume Lily Scales 蔡 鹏 2016, 6 (5):  43-46.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas15080003 Abstract + ( 896 )   PDF ( 1076KB )   ( 634 ) In order to explore the effective method for seedling culture of perfume lily scales, the growth of perfume lily scales cultured in hanging sponge with three different substrates and in pot with two different substrates was studied. The results showed that after culturing for 60 d, the growth of perfume lily scale under hanging sponge hydroponic culture by adding 1-2 cm height of powder activated carbon was the best in all the treatments, its bulb proliferation coefficient reached 3.33, rooting coefficient was 2.33, the highest rooting rate was 93.33%, the decay rate was only 3.33%. Hanging sponge hydroponic culture method of perfume lily scales could provide good growth environment for cutting scales and be operated easily, it also had wide material sources and low cost, which was an effective method of lily scales cutting seedling.

  Variation and Resistance of Lagerstroemia indica Seed Under Radiation 2016, 6 (5):  47-52.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas15120015 Abstract + ( 906 )   PDF ( 3081KB )   ( 564 ) In order to study the effect of radiation on the Lagerstroemia indica seed and select new varieties with resistance to powdery mildew, the seeds were treated by 60Co-γ radiation and part of the plant of cuttage contrast tests were carried outed, the emergence rate, long stamens petalody, resistance and growth were investigated. The results showed that radiation treatment could significantly inhibit the emergence rate and had a certain role in promoting the petalody of long stamens. There were two plants with strong resistance to powdery mildew among the plants of Lagerstroemia indica ‘Liuyue Feixue’ that were radiated, and the others were infected with powdery mildew. Kangbing No.1 was immune to powdery mildew, and Kangbing No.2 showed high resistance to powdery mildew, ‘Sihai Shengping’ was moderately sensitive to powdery mildew, ‘Liuyue Feixue’ and ‘Redrocket’ were highly sensitive to powdery mildew. The plant height and groud diameter of the two disease-resistant plants were higher than those of the non disease-resistant plants, and the leaf fall period of disease-resistant plants were significantly later than that of non disease-resistant plants.

  Progresses in Research and Application of Grapevine Rootstocks 2016, 6 (5):  53-59.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas15110003 Abstract + ( 1013 )   PDF ( 1147KB )   ( 1819 ) In order to understand the research situation of rootstocks and provide reference for using rootstocks purposefully in the production, the authors summarized recent researches on grape rootstocks varieties’ breeding characteristics at home and abroad, and elaborated the effects of rootstocks on the growth and development and fruit quality of grapevines and vinosity. It showed that the difference of breeding parents of grape rootstocks could result in different characteristics of the breeding varieties. Rootstocks could increase the mass growth of scion varieties, but could also reduce it, and improve the yield of grapes in different degrees. Effects of different rootstocks on total soluble solid and titratable acid of grafting cultivars were significantly different, which could change the vinosity in different degrees. Effect of rootstocks on grapes varied with the variation of scion varieties, site conditions and cultivation measures. The authors pointed out that the influence of rootstocks on the scion varieties was complex, the rootstocks breeding and application should be adjusted according to local conditions, thus to promote the development of grape industry.

  AFLP Analysis of Pteroceltis tatarinowii in the North of Central China 2016, 6 (5):  60-64.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16010002 Abstract + ( 998 )   PDF ( 1595KB )   ( 870 ) In order to study the genetic diversity of Pteroceltis tatarinowii in the north of central China, 31 samples were collected from 12 populations from 7 provinces (Guizhou, Beijing, Gansu, Jiangsu, Anhui, Shandong and Henan) and AFLP analysis was conducted. A total of 223 bands were generated from 6 primer combinations screened from 26 primer combinations and 211 of those bands showed polymorphism, the polymorphic ratio (PP) was up to 94.26%. The results showed that a high genetic diversity was existed among Pteroceltis tatarinowii samples from the north of central China and AFLP analysis was effective. The genetic similarity coefficient was in the range of 0.6413 to 0.9193, with an average value of 0.7489. And the results of cluster analysis showed that the samples were clustered together according to the population, but there were intersections between the populations.

  Application of E-tendering and Bidding in Agricultural Projects 2016, 6 (5):  65-68.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas15080010 Abstract + ( 835 )   PDF ( 990KB )   ( 671 ) With the wide use of the internet, many new internet product formats are emerging. Transforming and upgrading the traditional agricultural project bidding work patterns, and achieving the efficient, convenient, transparent agricultural investment management modes have become a new trend. Thereby, E-tendering&bidding is emerging recently. Through the combination of agricultural construction character, traditional bidding practice, relevant supporting regulated laws and policy developments, and E-tendering

  Two Enzymatic Hydrolysis Methods for Extraction of Silkworm Pupa Protein Under Neutral Condition 2016, 6 (5):  69-72.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas15090012 Abstract + ( 1061 )   PDF ( 1248KB )   ( 900 ) To explore an efficient and economic method for enzymatic hydrolysis of silkworm pupa protein, using fresh pupa and dried pupa as raw materials, the effect of neutral protease and flavourzyme on the degree of hydrolysis and protein yield was examined under neutral condition. The results showed that fresh pupa could obtain higher protein yield and higher degree of hydrolysis than dried pupa. The protein yield of enzymatic hydrolysis using flavourzyme was higher than that of neutral protease, but its hydrolysis degree was lower. This might be caused by the low endonuclease activity of flavourzyme. So the fresh pupas were preferred in practice and proper protease should be used according to different requirements of protein hydrolysate.

  Drought in Jiaodong Peninsula Based on De Martonne Aridity Index 王冰,林修栋, and 任可 2016, 6 (5):  73-81.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16010016 Abstract + ( 1021 )   PDF ( 1857KB )   ( 792 ) This paper aims to enhance the research on drought in Jiaodong Peninsula, to provide reference for local government to establish the policy of drought resistance and disaster reduction, and to reduce drought impact. According to analysis of temperature and precipitation data from 1971 to 2012 at 24 meteorological stations in Jiaodong Peninsula, the variation trends of meteorological factors are statistically analyzed and drought in Jiaodong Peninsula is evaluated by analyzing the De Martonne Aridity Index. The results show that the annual and the seasonal average temperatures are rising significantly, while precipitation variation is not significant, which shows an increase trend in spring and summer and a decrease trend in autumn and winter. The cases above cause that the number of occurrences of the middle drought will increase while that of the heavy drought will reduce. The De Martonne Aridity Index can be used to describe the drought in Jiaodong Peninsula in a certain extent, but it is not applicable in some cases.

  Feasibility Analysis of Frost Protection and Characteristics of Nighttime Inversion on the Surface Layer of Luochuan County 2016, 6 (5):  82-86.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas15120017 Abstract + ( 885 )   PDF ( 1183KB )   ( 948 ) In order to carry out an experiment on frost prevention technology in apple florescence effectively, the authors used the temperature and wind speed data obtained from the apple orchard gradient meteorological tower in Luochuan, adopted mathematical statistics method to analyze the characteristics of nighttime inversion on the surface layer. The results showed that: Luochuan had basic conditions for carrying out frost prevention when the radiation was cool in spring, with long lasting period, small temperature difference and low wind speed. The arisen time of inversion was closely related to the time of sunrise and sunset, the inversion formed after sunset, and disappeared after sunrise. The average intensity of inversion was 0.7-0.8℃, the maximum value appeared at midnight in winter, and before dawn in spring (April to May). The mean intensity of inversion in the surface layer could be over 2℃ and the maximum value could reach 4℃ when the radiation frost occurred in spring. The inversion would not form when the night was cloudy or rainy or the wind speed was greater than 2.5 m/s at night in spring.

  Development Status and Promotion Measures of Grain-producing Family Farms in Zhucheng 丁慧媛 and 2016, 6 (5):  87-91.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas15120014 Abstract + ( 1031 )   PDF ( 1000KB )   ( 686 ) Based on the investigation of grain-producing family farms in Zhucheng, Shandong Province, the present management situation and the development bottlenecks such as low land quality, difficult financing and the limitation of large infrastructure construction by land circulation period were analyzed. Then the promotion measures, such as providing more technical and training support for advanced modern professional farmers, innovating land system to comprehensively accelerate the circulation of rural land, broadening the financing channels to provide financial support for the expansion of production scale and perfecting land trusteeship project to establish a complete business service system from production to market, were put forward, so as to provide reference for the rapid, healthy and stable development of grain-producing family farms under the present situation.

  Effect of Income Level on Tourism Consumption Between Urban and Rural Residents 2016, 6 (5):  92-95.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas15110005 Abstract + ( 807 )   PDF ( 1165KB )   ( 929 ) To improve the tourist consumption level of urban and rural areas in China, the related data from 1994 to 2013 in China Statistical Yearbook were used as the sample, and correlation analysis and regression analysis were conducted. A comparison of different effects of income level on tourism consumption between urban and rural residents was performed. The results indicated that income level was the most important factor influencing tourism consumption. The consumption level of rural residents was lower than that of urban residents, but the marginal propensity to consume was higher. The influence of causal factors was smaller for rural tourism consumption.

  Policy Research on Agricultural Vocational Skill Development 2016, 6 (5):  96-100.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas15110016 Abstract + ( 710 )   PDF ( 1138KB )   ( 581 ) In order to promote professional skills of agricultural laborers, then speed up agricultural professional skill development and rural human resources development in China, this article analyzed the present conditions and existing problems within rural human resources development and indicated that policies and regulations need more publicity and education, work teams need more professional promotion, professional farmers need more diversity and specialty, government needs more invest and appraisal abilities need more training. Then countermeasures and suggestions for future agricultural professional skill development were put forward, which could provide reference to the researches and practices during the future agricultural professional skill development.