Current issue

• 2026 Vol.16 No.4 Published:20 April 2026

  Population Characteristics of ‘Yongyou’ Series of Late Indica-Japonica Hybrid Rice at Different Yield Levels in Double-Cropping Rice Area JIANG Qi, CHEN Shaojie, WU Xiaojun, HE Bingqing, WU Jiangxing, CHEN Jianghua 2026, 16 (4):  1-5.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2024-0220 Abstract + ( 13 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1248KB )   ( 5 ) In order to analyze the high-yield characteristics of ‘Yongyou’ series of late indica-japonica hybrid rice, we used ‘Yongyou 1540’ and ‘Yongyou 538’ to construct two populations with different yield levels, namely super-high yield and high yield, for continuous late rice cultivation. Their yield composition and population quality formation characteristics were investigated. The results showed that the average yield of super-high yield population reached 10.9 t/hm2, which was 10.32% higher than that of high-yielding population. Among the yield components, the number of effective panicles of super-high yield reached 2.4528 million/hm2, which was 6.25% higher than that of high yield, which was the main factor for increasing yield. The results also showed that, compared to high-yielding population, super-high yield population exhibited faster tillering initiation, lower peak seedling numbers, earlier timely seedling establishment, a gradual decline in stem-tiller numbers during late growth stages, higher effective panicle counts, and an elevated panicle-forming rate of 62.84%. The leaf area index of super-high yield population surpassed that of high-yielding population at the critical leaf-age stage for effective tillering, heading, and maturity stages, with a significant difference at the heading stage. Super-high yield population demonstrated superior dry matter accumulation primarily from transplanting to the critical leaf-age stage for effective tillering and from heading to maturity, outperforming high-yielding population by 20.51% and 20.99%, respectively. In summary, the super-high yield population of ‘Yongyou’ double-cropping late rice achieved high yield by optimizing population structure and strengthening material accumulation at key growth stages. The research results provided a scientific basis for high-yielding cultivation of double-cropping late rice in Ningbo and similar ecological areas.

  Effects of Different Exogenous Hormones on Agronomic and Physiological Characteristics of Brassica napus ‘Nongda No.1’ and ‘Zhongshuang 11’ YAN Wei, XU Yumei, TAN Minghui, ZHANG Zhenqian 2026, 16 (4):  6-11.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2024-0204 Abstract + ( 11 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1406KB )   ( 7 ) To investigate the regulatory mechanisms of exogenous hormones on early maturation in Brassica napus, two cultivars, 'Nongda No.1' and 'Zhongshuang 11', were utilized as experimental materials. Plants at the 5-6 leaf stage were treated with foliar sprays of brassinosteroids (BR), gibberellic acid (GA3), or 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), with a distilled water spray serving as the control. Agronomic traits and physiological indicators were analyzed 7 days after treatments. The application of BR, GA3, or NAA promoted pre-winter rapid growth, resulting in reduced leaf length and width but increased root and stem thickness. Notably, NAA treatment significantly enhanced plant height in 'Nongda No.1'. At harvest, all hormone treatments increased final plant height. Moreover, NAA and GA3 significantly shortened the time to maturity, with 'Nongda No.1' maturing 7 days earlier and 'Zhongshuang 11' maturing 5 days earlier compared to the control. The NAA treatment also positively influenced yield-related traits by increasing pod length and seed number per pod, while reducing glucosinolate content. Physiological analyses revealed that 7 days after treatments, NAA significantly elevated leaf catalase (CAT) activity, with 'Zhongshuang 11' exhibiting the highest level (356.80 μmol/g). During the bolting stage, leaf CAT activity in 'Nongda No. 1' exceeded that of the control across all treatments except NAA. Conversely, NAA treatment significantly enhanced stem CAT activity, reaching 1.3-fold (146.31 vs. 111.82 μmol/g) and 1.6-fold (135.89 vs. 87.14 μmol/g) of the control levels in 'Nongda No.1' and 'Zhongshuang 11', respectively.BR treatment significantly increased the malondialdehyde (MDA) content in 'Nongda No.1' after 7 days, which gradually decreased during the bud-to-spike stage. At the spike stage, GA3 treatment resulted in an MDA content twice that of the control, while NAA increased leaf MDA content to 1.9 times the control level. Both NAA and GA3 treatments significantly enhanced peroxidase (POD) activity during the bud-to-spike stage, reaching 1.6-fold and 2.3-fold of the control, respectively. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in 'Nongda No.1' leaves increased 7 days after treatment. During the budding and stem elongation stages, 'Zhongshuang 11' exhibited enhanced SOD activity in leaves under GA3 treatment. However, SOD activity in both the leaves and stems of GA3- and BR-treated 'Zhongshuang 11' plants was lower than in the control during this period.In conclusion, the foliar application of NAA, GA3, and BR enhances stress tolerance and promotes early maturity in rapeseed. NAA enables both leaves and stems to better withstand stress, while NAA and GA3 exert a more pronounced effect on stem elongation. The period 7 days after application represents a critical phase for these hormonal regulations of plant growth and development.

  Effect of β-glucanase from Trichoderma on Pepper Growth and Resistance to Bacterial Wilt Disease YANG Chunlin, YANG Zhigang, HU Qiang, XI Yadong, LI Honghao, YANG Ziwei, HAO Lining, YAN Xuehai, TU Rui, YANG Yunmei 2026, 16 (4):  12-19.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2025-0011 Abstract + ( 13 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1447KB )   ( 3 ) The purpose of this study is to investigate the growth promoting effect of β-glucanase from Trichoderma harzianum on pepper seedlings and its biological control effect on pepper wilt disease, in order to provide new reference directions for the biological disease control. Pepper seedlings were treated with different dilutions of β-glucanase solution, and after 30 days of transplantation, various growth indicators of peppers were detected and analyzed. Artificial inoculation of pathogenic bacteria was used to study the prevention and control effect of β-glucanase on potted pepper bacterial wilt disease. The incidence of pepper wilt disease during the seedling stage, initial flowering stage, and fruit setting stage was investigated, and the field control effect of β-glucanase on pepper wilt disease was explored. The results showed that the 10 fold solution of β-glucanase had a growth promoting rate of over 80% on the stem diameter, aboveground fresh mass, and underground fresh mass of pepper seedlings, and effectively improved the seedling strength index of pepper seedlings. The treatment of β-glucanase solution had a significant inhibitory effect on the occurrence and prevalence of pepper bacterial wilt. In the fruit setting stage of pepper, the incidence rate of β-glucanase solution treatment with different dilution ratios was 9.33%-15.00% lower than that of water control, and the control effect was 42.11%-68.22% respectively. β-glucanase from Trichoderma has a certain degree of growth promoting effect on pepper seedlings and significantly improves their resistance to bacterial wilt disease. β-glucanase has the potential to be developed into a biological agent for pepper fitness cultivation and prevention of pepper wilt disease.

  Effect of Microbial Agent Trichoderma harzianum on Control of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Yield of Sunflowers HU Yang, PEI Xue, QU Zhihua, BAI Wei, JIN Tao, BAI Haihua 2026, 16 (4):  20-24.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2025-0004 Abstract + ( 14 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1289KB )   ( 3 ) In order to study the effect of microbial inoculant Trichoderma harzianum on the control of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and yield of sunflowers, and to find the best control measures, a wettable powder of Trichoderma harzianum (Daimiao) was used as the test material. 6 treatments of seed treatments and drip irrigation were applied to sunflowers in the field for prevention, including T1: 100 g/500 g seed dressing + 1 time 15000 g/hm2 drip irrigation, T2: 100 g/500 g seed dressing + 2 times 15000 g/hm2 drip irrigation, T3: 100 g/500 g seed dressing + 2 times 7500 g/hm2 drip irrigation, T4: 100 g/500 g seed dressing + 1 time 7500 g/hm2 drip irrigation, T5: 1 time 7500 g/hm2 drip irrigation, and a blank control. The control effect of Sclerotinia on sunflowers and related traits were investigated at the mature stage of sunflowers. The results showed that the experimental areas using Trichoderma harzianum were improved to varying degrees in soil physical and chemical properties, main economic traits of sunflowers, yield and yield-related traits, and had obvious control effects on Sclerotinia of sunflowers. The best effect was achieved by seed dressing with Trichoderma harzianum and 2 times high-concentration drip irrigations, with a control effect of up to 74.37% and a yield of 1661.3 kg/hm2. The second-best effect was achieved by seed dressing with Trichoderma harzianum and 1 time drip irrigation, with a control effect of over 68%. Only 1 time drip irrigation achieved a control effect of 44.86%.

  Effects of Microbial Agents on Facility Soil Properties and Celery Growth GUO Pengfei, WANG Xiaorong, SUN Xijun, WANG Wan, GAO Ying, ZHANG Bo, HUANG Tao, WANG Xin, WANG Haiyin, ZHAO Yaping, WANG Yan 2026, 16 (4):  25-29.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2025-0194 Abstract + ( 15 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1324KB )   ( 8 ) This study investigated the effects of applying different doses of microbial agents on improving the facility soil, regulating microbial community structure, promoting celery growth, and enhancing quality and economic benefits, to provide theoretical basis and technical support for the green production of celery in facilities. Under sunlight greenhouse conditions in Gaoling District, Xi’an City, celery was used as the test crop, and six treatments with different application rates of microbial agents (0, 600, 900, 1200, 1500 and 1800 kg/hm2) were set up. Using a completely randomized block design, soil agricultural chemical properties, microbial populations, celery growth, quality indicators, and yield were measured, and their economic benefits were analyzed. The results showed that: (1) compared with the control (CK), microbial agent treatments significantly reduced soil electrical conductivity (by 14.08%-38.45%) and nitrate content, but had no significant effect on soil pH or organic matter content. (2) The application of microbial agents significantly increased the total soil microbial population (by up to 103.42%) and optimized the community structure, reinforcing the absolute dominance of bacteria while reducing the relative proportion of fungi. (3) Microbial agent treatments significantly increased celery stem diameter (by 2.41%-8.11%) and vitamin C content (up to 63.80%), while reducing nitrate accumulation in the plants. However, no significant effects were observed on plant height or soluble solids content. (4) Celery yield increased with higher application rates of microbial agents, but the 1500 kg/hm2 treatment achieved the highest net income increase, reaching 11804 yuan/hm2, indicating the best economic benefit. Applying microbial inoculants can effectively improve the microecological environment of greenhouse soil, alleviate secondary salinization, optimize microbial community structure, and improve quality by promoting celery stem growth, increasing vitamin C content, and reducing nitrate content. Overall, the 1500 kg/hm2 treatment was the optimal application rate for achieving both celery yield increase and economic benefit improvement under the experimental conditions.

  Effects of Straw Returning and Tillage Methods on Soil Physicochemical Properties, Enzyme Activities and Yield of Winter Wheat WU Fuhai, ZHANG Yanxia 2026, 16 (4):  30-35.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2025-0016 Abstract + ( 13 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1349KB )   ( 4 ) To investigate the impact of various tillage methods on soil properties and winter wheat yield when straw is returned to the field in conjunction with a straw decomposing agent, this study established five experimental treatments: rotary tillage with straw returning (CK), rotary tillage with straw returning (XH), subsoiling with straw returning (SH), subsoiling with straw returning and straw decomposing agent (SH+F), and rotary tillage with straw returning and straw decomposing agent (XH+F). The results indicated that compared to CK, other treatments improved soil pH, reduced soil conductivity and bulk density. Compared to CK, XH and SH treatments exhibited increases in soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium, although these differences were not statistically significant. Conversely, XH+F and SH+F treatments demonstrated significant improvements in soil organic matter, available nitrogen, and available potassium, thereby enhancing soil fertility. Moreover, compared to CK, XH treatment showed a modest increase in soil enzyme activity, whereas SH, XH+F and SH+F treatments significantly elevated the activities of urease, catalase, dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase and invertase in the soil. Compared to the CK treatment, the number of spikes, grains per spike, 1000-grain weight and theoretical yield increased to varying degrees in all treatments. Specifically, the XH treatment significantly enhanced the 1000-grain weight and theoretical yield. Additionally, SH, XH+F and SH+F treatments significantly boosted the number of spikes, grains per spike, 1000-grain weight and theoretical yield per hectare of wheat. Notably, the SH+F treatment demonstrated the highest yield, with a 10.67% increase over the CK treatment. Soil urease activity emerged as the primary factor influencing yield and composition parameters based on correlation analysis. Therefore, soil urease played a pivotal role in determining yield and its composition under the experimental conditions. Considering soil properties and wheat yield, incorporating subsoil straw and implementing straw decomposition proved to be a more suitable tillage approach in this experimental context.

  Variation Characteristics of Soil Moisture in Dry Farming Area in Upper Reaches of Weihe River in Gansu and Its Influence on Yield of Winter Wheat YAO Xiaoying, ZHANG Bei, WANG Jinsong, WANG Ying, LI Tong 2026, 16 (4):  36-45.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2025-0018 Abstract + ( 14 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1529KB )   ( 3 ) The dry farming area in the upper reaches of Weihe River in Gansu belongs to the semi-arid and semi-humid climate transition region. Soil moisture is the major factor affecting the growth of winter wheat in this region. Exploring the effect of soil moisture on the yield of winter wheat has great practical significance to ensure the food security production in dry farming areas. Based on the observation data of 0-50 cm soil moisture and yield of winter wheat experimental field from 1981 to 2020 in Tianshui Agrometeorological Experimental Station, which was a typical representative station, the variations of soil water and its effect on yield in 1981-2020 were calculated and analyzed by statistical method. The results showed that the variation trend of average soil water storage in 1981-2020 was not significant during the whole growth period of winter wheat in dry farming area in the upper reaches of Weihe River in Gansu. The period of maximum water storage was in the growth stage before winter, and the period of minimum water storage was from jointing stage to heading stage. The water storage showed a significant decreasing trend in 2010-2020 in the growth stage before winter of winter wheat, and it showed an increasing trend during the heading stage to maturity stage. The change of soil water content in each soil layer showed a sine wave trend with time, while the lowest soil water content in the plough layer was in early-May, and that in the deeper layer was in mid-May. The mid-June was the period with the lowest soil water storage during the whole growth period of winter wheat, and the accumulative dissipation was increasing fastest in this period. The thousand-grain weight and grouting speed of winter wheat in rainy years were generally higher and faster than those in dry years. Mid-July to early-September and early-Mar to mid-June were two most significant positive effect periods of soil water storage on yield, while the negative effect period was from late-June to early-July. The influence period of high altitude planting area is about 10 days later than that of low altitude area. The flowering and filling stage of winter wheat, which is late-May to mid-June, is the most affected period by water stress.

  Effects of Different Irrigation Frequencies on Growth, Yield and Quality of Greenhouse Tomato in Sandy Soil of Southern Xinjiang LI Yuan, MA Qiang, PENG Bo, WU Lianxia, XIA Weixin, LI Qingjun 2026, 16 (4):  46-51.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2025-0015 Abstract + ( 14 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1303KB )   ( 4 ) To address the problem of poor water and fertilizer retention capacity and its low utilization efficiency of the wind-sandy soil in southern Xinjiang, five treatments were set up, namely W1, W2, W3, and W4 with different irrigation frequencies and a control treatment (CK) based on farmers’ habitual irrigation. The irrigation quotas for the entire growth period of W1, W2, W3, and W4 were consistent at 3975 m3/hm2, and the irrigation quota for CK treatment was 4500 m3/hm2. During before planting stage and seedling stage-initial fruit setting stage, the irrigation amounts of W1, W2, W3, and W4 treatments were the same, which were 450 and 75m3/hm2 respectively. The irrigation amounts for CK treatment were 450 and 300 m3/hm2 respectively during these two periods. At the beginning of fruiting stage, drip irrigation frequencies are once every two days (W1), once every three days (W2), once every four days (W3), once every six days (W4), and once every six days (CK) were adopted. In the middle of fruiting stage, drip irrigation frequencies are once every three days (W1), once every four days (W2), once every four days (W3), once every six days (W4), and once every six days (CK). At the end of fruiting stage, drip irrigation frequencies are once every five days (W1), once every six days (W2), once every six days (W3), once every six days (W4), once every six days (CK). The effects of different irrigation frequencies on tomato’s plant height, stem diameter, root characteristics, leaf photosynthetic characteristics, soil nitrate nitrogen distribution and yield quality were studied. The results of the experiments showed that: (1) the increase of irrigation frequencies had no significant effect on the plant height of tomato at the fruiting stage, but it was beneficial to the increase of its stem diameter. (2) With the increase of irrigation frequencies, Pn, total root length and root surface area of leaves were significantly increased, but there was no obvious effect on Tr, Gs, Ci and root volume. (3) The high-frequency irrigation treatments (W1, W2) were conducive to the accumulation of nitrate nitrogen in the 0-20 cm soil layer, and the low-frequency irrigation treatments (W4, CK) leached the nitrate nitrogen in the soil below 40cm. (4) Increasing the frequency of irrigation significantly increased tomato yield, water use efficiency, soluble sugar and soluble solids mass.

  Research on Operation Parameters of Plant Protection UAV in Vineyard LI Haoxi, LI Shuqi, SU Ying, LI Wukun, LIU Yutong, Zhang Kenuo 2026, 16 (4):  52-56.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2024-0227 Abstract + ( 13 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 2263KB )   ( 5 ) This experiment addresses the industrial shortcomings of applying plant protection UAV in vineyards, focusing on factors such as flight trajectory, flight altitude, flight speed, and spraying speed. Spraying experiments were conducted in vineyards to optimize the mist coverage rate for aerial pest control operations. The results indicated that flying directly above the grape trellis and flying between two rows of grape trellises did not significantly affect the mist coverage rate, but the latter significantly improved operational efficiency. Flight altitude, flight speed, and spraying speed all had a significant impact on mist coverage rate. The optimal operational parameters include flying in the middle of two rows of grape trellises at a height of 2 meters from the top of the grapes, spraying the two rows of grape trellises below on each pass, with a flight speed of 3 m/s and a spraying speed of 3 L/min.

  Historical Textual Criticism of Plantains Introduction and Cultivation in Beijing ZHANG Baoxin, YANG Hongjie, WANG Rui, FENG Xueshan 2026, 16 (4):  57-65.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2024-0039 Abstract + ( 12 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 3569KB )   ( 6 ) To systematically sort out the historical context and cultural connotation of plantains introduction and planting in Beijing, the method of literature research and image mutual verification was adopted, combined with the perspective of garden history, botany and culturology. On the basis of summarizing the name evolution, plant characteristics and national planting history of plantains, the introduction process, application scenarios and planting techniques of plantains in Beijing were emphatically studied. The research shows that the introduction of plantains in Beijing began in the royal palace garden (Xiyuan plantains garden) in the early Ming Dynasty, gradually expanded to private courtyards (such as Gongwangfu and Shaoyuan) in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and continued to be used in the agricultural experimental field and private houses. Restricted by the warm temperate monsoon climate, plantains in Beijing adopt the seasonal protection technology of 'open field planting in summer courtyard and overwintering in greenhouse / warm room / cellar'. Plantains, red banana and canna have name confusion in historical records, which needs to be combined with morphological characteristics and planting environment. Although limited by the lack of data, it is difficult to fully present its historical evolution, the textual criticism of the history of the introduction. However, the planting methods of plantain has reference significance for the related research on the introduction and planting history of other plants originating in the south, and can provide reference for the historical research on the introduction and planting of other types of plants. At the same time, it also provides a comprehensive research paradigm of 'literature + image + skill' for the textual research of the introduction history of southern plants in the northern region, which has reference value for promoting traditional plant culture and guiding modern garden plant configuration.

  Effects of Concentrations of Fish Protein Fertilizer on Growth, Quality and Yield of Small Fruit Watermelon JIA Wenhong 2026, 16 (4):  66-70.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2025-0023 Abstract + ( 10 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1278KB )   ( 2 ) In this experiment, fish protein fertilizer was diluted to 1200, 1000, 800 and 500 times respectively, with clear water as the control. The watermelon plants were sprayed from the pollination stage to the fruit enlargement stage. Indicators such as the growth status of watermelon plants, fruit yield, and taste quality were measured. Variance analysis was used to comprehensively evaluate the effects of different spraying concentrations of fish protein fertilizer on the growth, quality and yield of small fruit watermelons. The results showed that watermelon treated with 500 times dilution had better performance in fruit development, plant growth and disease resistance. The average stem diameter during growth period was 7.10 mm, the average plant height was 218.15 cm, the average maximum leaf area was 699.48 cm2, the average relative content of chlorophyll was 55.33, and the average nitrogen content was 18.58 mg/g. The weight of single melon was 1.22 kg, equivalent to the yield of 35428.8 kg/hm2, the thickness of the peel was 0.43 cm, the content of soluble solid in the center and the edge were 10.8% and 10.0%, respectively, the taste was crisp and the fiber was less. The optimal concentration of fish protein fertilizer for small fruit watermelon is 500 times dilution.

  Research on Cherry Climate Quality Certification Technology in Tianshui LI Lin, GAN Ziwei, ZHOU Qi, YE Xiaowen, MA Jie 2026, 16 (4):  71-78.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2025-0005 Abstract + ( 15 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1417KB )   ( 2 ) Cherry is one of the pillar industries of Tianshui. The yield and quality of cherries are closely related to meteorological conditions. Climate quality certification is the evaluation of the quality of primary agricultural products based on climate indicators. Exploring and promoting cherry climate quality certification technology is a scientific basis and measure to assist in the high-quality development of the cherry industry in Tianshui. Based on the meteorological observation data and cherry’s growth and development data in Tianshui from 1995 to 2024, using statistical analysis, correlation analysis, hierarchical analysis, and weighted summation methods, the main growth period of cherries was determined, the key climate factors affecting the growth of cherries in Tianshui was screened, and the cherry climate quality certification evaluation model and criteria was constructed. The scientificity and accuracy of the cherry climate quality certification model in Tianshui were tested by case analysis. The research conclusions have certain promotional and application value, and inject meteorological elements into the creation of a well-known and high-quality brand of cherry in Tianshui.

  Change Law of Vegetation Cover in Ziwuling Region and Its Climatic Sensitivity Analysis ZHANG Xuejiao, ZHANG Tianfeng, WANG Juan, LI Meiyu, NAN Yingying 2026, 16 (4):  79-87.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2025-0198 Abstract + ( 14 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 2651KB )   ( 2 ) As an important ecological barrier of the Loess Plateau, the response mechanism of vegetation dynamics to climate change in Ziwuling is still unclear. To elucidate the impacts of climate change on regional ecosystems and inform conservation decision-making, this study analyzed spatiotemporal variations in vegetation cover and its sensitivity to hydrothermal factors using MODIS MOD13Q1 NDVI data from 2001-2024 and meteorological records from 25 weather stations. Data preprocessing was conducted via the Google Earth Engine platform, followed by analyses employing linear trend analysis, Kriging interpolation, and Spearman correlation analysis. The results indicate: (1) Spatiotemporal patterns: Over the past 24 years, NDVI in the Ziwuling region exhibited a significant upward trend [4%/10a (p<0.0001)] with pronounced interannual variability. Spatially, mean NDVI followed a "high in the south, low in the north; high along the main ridge, low in surrounding areas" pattern. Notable improvement occurred in the northern sector (Huachi, Zhidan) at rates of 5.0%-9.4%/10a, while localized areas in the south (Xunyi) remained stable or experienced slight degradation. Intra-annual variations predominantly showed a unimodal distribution peaking in July-August, though three southern stations (Yaozhou, Chunhua, Tongchuan) displayed a bimodal pattern with a June decline. (2) Climate sensitivity: At the annual scale, vegetation demonstrated significantly greater sensitivity to precipitation than to temperature. NDVI at five stations (Zhengning, Chunhua, et al.) showed extremely significant positive correlations with annual precipitation (r=0.458 to 0.608), identifying moisture as the primary limiting factor; only Ningxian station exhibited a significant positive correlation with temperature (r=0.436). At the monthly scale, during the peak growing season in July, NDVI at five stations (Yaozhou, Chunhua, et al.) showed extremely significant positive correlations with concurrent precipitation (r=0.549 to 0.654). Temperature responses exhibited spatial heterogeneity: four stations (Chunhua, Yaozhou, Huachi, Zhidan) showed significant negative correlations with concurrent temperature (r=-0.417 to -0.543), indicating dominant immediate hydrothermal responses with negligible lag effects. (3) Mechanistic interpretation: Vegetation changes were driven by both climatic factors and human activities. Precipitation emerged as the key driver of interannual variability, particularly in arid and semi-arid zones, while ecological restoration programs such as the Grain-for-Green Project may have attenuated local climate signals in certain areas. Spatial heterogeneity originated from variations in topography, soil properties, and vegetation types, such as the water-storage capacity of loess deposits to buffer short-term climatic fluctuations. Overall, vegetation cover in Ziwuling has improved, with significant enhancement in the north but localized degradation in the south, highlighting marked spatial heterogeneity. Precipitation constitutes the core climatic driver of vegetation growth, especially during the peak growing season (July), whereas temperature effects are dualistic, capable of either promoting or inhibiting growth. We recommend implementing zoned management strategies, optimizing water resource allocation, enhancing responses to high-temperature stress, and continuing ecological restoration efforts. This study provides a scientific foundation for ecosystem conservation in Ziwuling; future research should integrate high-resolution data with ecological models to deepen mechanistic understanding.

  Overview of Research on Impact of Low Temperature Disasters on Crops and Prevention Measures WANG Lilong, LI Xin, LIU Wei, LI Shuqi, LIU Jia, DUAN Xiaofeng 2026, 16 (4):  88-93.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2024-0215 Abstract + ( 14 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1180KB )   ( 3 ) Under the background of global climate change, extreme low temperature events occur frequently, which seriously restricts the sustainable development of agriculture. In order to systematically sort out the harm and prevention and control technology of low temperature disasters, based on a large number of literatures, this paper expounds the concept and classification characteristics of cold damage, freezing damage and frost, summarizes the impact mechanism of different types of low temperature disasters on crops, and discusses the targeted prevention and control measures. The results showed that there were significant differences in disaster temperature, occurrence season, affected area and hazard object among cold damage (>0 ℃), freezing damage(<0 ℃) and frost (≤ 0 ℃); cold damage mainly led to physiological dysfunction of crops (such as photosynthetic inhibition and metabolic disorder), freezing damage caused cell freezing and tissue necrosis, and frost caused cell membrane rupture and water imbalance, all of which significantly reduced the yield and quality of crops; breeding cold resistant varieties, optimizing field management (such as mulching, irrigation, smoking), and strengthening the monitoring and early warning system can effectively reduce the loss of low temperature disasters. In the future, it is necessary to strengthen the research on the evolution trend of low temperature disasters and the mechanism of crop cold resistance, and improve the comprehensive prevention and control system in combination with molecular breeding, intelligent agriculture and other technologies, so as to provide support for food security.

  Study on Current Situation, Existing Issues and Optimization Path of Weather Index Insurance for Myrica rubra HUANG Xin, LIAO Bijun, CHEN Xinlei, ZHONG Pengzhi, QIAN Yanzhen 2026, 16 (4):  94-100.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2025-0020 Abstract + ( 13 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1196KB )   ( 3 ) The aim of this study is to further improve the service level of weather index insurance for Myrica rubra and enhance the ability of the Myrica rubra industry to withstand natural risks. Based on the years of practice and feedback collection of rainfall meteorological index insurance during the picking period of Myrica rubra, and through continuous attention and multi-year synchronous observation of the relationship between weather conditions during the picking period and Myrica rubra fruit drop, the shortcomings of existing insurance products were systematic analyzed. The results show that there are five problems as follows: (1) There is a significant shortfall in the layout of mesoscale automatic weather stations that meet the requirements of representativeness, comparability and accuracy, and match the environment of Myrica rubra orchards; (2) the product design lacks the actual disaster data support corresponding to the disaster-causing meteorological factors; (3) single-factor rainfall weather index insurance cannot fully reflect the characteristics of meteorological disasters during the Myrica rubra harvesting period; (4) the uniform rate may lead to mismatch between premium and risk, and the uniform insurance liability period may lead to significant basis risk; (5) the current compensation ratio for rainfall weather index insurance products during the Myrica rubra harvesting period is too high. The following optimization paths are proposed: It is important to accelerate the construction and layout of automatic weather stations in the key areas for Myrica rubra based on refined risk zoning; to strengthen product research and development cooperation, and carry out experimental research and data accumulation of meteorological factors and corresponding disaster losses caused by Myrica rubra; to determine the quantitative relationship and trigger value between disaster causing meteorological factors and disaster damage through experimental research, and carry out the research of multi-factor meteorological index insurance products; to consider the differences in products; to balance the goals, needs and interests of the government, insurance companies and farmers, and scientifically set the compensation ratios for the products. Subsequently, the catastrophe compensation mechanism can be further improved to promote the high-quality and sustainable development of the meteorological index insurance for Myrica rubra, and provide a reference for the study of meteorological index insurance for characteristic agricultural products.

  Change of Planting Structure of Main Grain Crops in Zunyi City and Comparative Advantage Analysis of Guizhou, Sichuan and Chongqing Regions MU Shaodong, LI Zhengli, WANG Fang, PU Zezheng, XIAO Yapeng, TANG Jia, SUN Jing 2026, 16 (4):  101-108.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2025-0021 Abstract + ( 15 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1368KB )   ( 6 ) The study aimed to clarify the location advantages of grain production in Zunyi City, and provide a theoretical basis for Zunyi City to optimize the layout of grain production and further expand production benefits. Based on the grain production data of Sichuan Province, Chongqing Municipality, and Guizhou Province from 2018 to 2023, and 14 counties (cities and districts) of Zunyi City from 2020 to 2023, the changing trend of the planting structure of major grain crops in Zunyi City was analyzed, and the theory of comparative advantage was applied. The comparative advantage index of the main grain crops in Zunyi City relative to those in Sichuan Province, Chongqing Municipality and Guizhou Province, as well as the comparative advantage status of grain production in different counties (cities and districts) within Zunyi were explored. From 2018 to 2023, the planting areas and proportions of rice, wheat and tubers in Zunyi City generally decreased, while the planting areas and proportions of corn, sorghum and soybeans generally increased. At the provincial level, Zunyi City had a significant comprehensive comparative advantage over Sichuan Province and Guizhou Province in terms of tubers, and also had a significant comprehensive comparative advantage over Chongqing Municipality in terms of wheat and tubers. At the municipal level, the rice crops of Honghuagang District, Bozhou District, Suining County, Meitan County, Fenggang County, Yuqing County and Zheng 'an County, wheat of Tongzi County, Renhuai City and Xishui County, corn in Honghuagang District, Tongzi County, Chishui City, Meitan County, Yuqing County, Wuchuan County and Daozhen County, sorghum of Huichuan District, Bozhou District, Tongzi County, Renhuai City and Xishui County, soybeans of Honghuagang District, Huichuan District, Tongzi County, Renhuai City, Chishui City, Xishui County, Wuchuan County and Daozhen County, as well as the tubers of Huichuan District, Renhuai City, Chishui City, Meitan County, Fenggang County, Wuchuan County, Zheng 'an County and Daozhen County had certain comprehensive comparative advantages over the average level of Zunyi City. Meanwhile, based on the comparative advantage index, the advantageous and disadvantageous areas for the production of major grain crops in Zunyi City were identified. Considering the factors such as grain output and agricultural output value comprehensively, Zunyi City should focus on the low-scale advantageous areas and low-scale disadvantageous areas of rice, optimize the planting structure, deeply explore the potential of rice scale, expand the scale of rice planting, and promote the increase of grain production. And focusing on the low-efficiency advantage areas and low-efficiency disadvantage areas of rice, wheat, corn, sorghum, soybeans and tubers, Zunyi City should strengthen technological empowerment, vigorously promote high-yield and high-efficiency technologies, increase the yield per unit area of grain crops on a large scale, actively explore the market, expand the grain industry, and continuously promote the sustained and healthy development of grain production.