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农学学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 10 ›› Issue (8): 28-32.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20190400008

所属专题: 油料作物

• 植物保护 • 上一篇    下一篇

东北大豆杀菌剂减施增效技术研究

顾鑫1(), 杨晓贺1, 姚亮亮1, 高雪冬1, 张茂明1, 刘伟1, 邱磊1, 申宏波2, 马迎3, 丁俊杰1()   

  1. 1黑龙江省农业科学院佳木斯分院/农业农村部佳木斯作物有害生物科学观测试验站/大豆产业体系佳木斯试验站,黑龙江佳木斯 154007
    2黑龙江农业职业技术学院,黑龙江佳木斯 154007
    3中赢农业科技有限公司,辽宁沈阳 110300
  • 收稿日期:2019-04-24 修回日期:2019-10-12 出版日期:2020-08-20 发布日期:2020-08-19
  • 通讯作者: 丁俊杰 E-mail:guxin1111@163.com;me999@126.com
  • 作者简介:顾鑫,男,1980年出生,重庆人,助理研究员,硕士,研究方向:作物病虫害防治。通信地址:154007 黑龙江省佳木斯市安庆路531号 黑龙江省农业科学院佳木斯分院,Tel:0454-8351067,E-mail: guxin1111@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划“东北大豆化肥农药减施技术集成研究与示范”(2018YFD0201000);黑龙江省自然科学基金面上项目“利用SNP技术对大豆抗灰斑病优异等位基因的筛选”(C2016051)

Fungicides on Soybean in Northeast China: Reducing Application and Increasing Efficiency

Gu Xin1(), Yang Xiaohe1, Yao Liangliang1, Gao Xuedong1, Zhang Maoming1, Liu Wei1, Qiu Lei1, Shen Hongbo2, Ma Ying3, Ding Junjie1()   

  1. 1Jiamusi Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Harmful Biology Scientific Monitoring Station, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Jiamusi Experiment Station of the Soybean Industry System, Jiamusi 154007, Heilongjiang, China
    2Heilongjiang Agricultural College of Vocational Technology, Jiamusi 154007, Heilongjiang, China
    3Zhongying Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd., Shenyang 110300, Liaoning, China
  • Received:2019-04-24 Revised:2019-10-12 Online:2020-08-20 Published:2020-08-19
  • Contact: Ding Junjie E-mail:guxin1111@163.com;me999@126.com

摘要:

为了解决东北大豆产区杀菌剂选择混乱、剂量偏大及施用方法不当等诸多问题,试验于2018年进行,分为3个处理。减施增效处理以种植抗病品种为核心,采用根瘤菌剂与枯草芽孢杆菌可湿性粉剂防控大豆根腐病,采用自发研制的大豆叶面遮盖剂防治大豆灰斑病,与常规化学药剂处理和不施药处理进行大面积比对试验。随机取点调查根腐病、大豆灰斑病病情指数及产量等性状,计算效益。结果表明:减施增效处理的根腐病及灰斑病病情指数均为最低,分别达17.96%和27.18%。根腐病的防效为64.08%,极显著优于化学药剂处理,大豆灰斑病的防效为72.97%,显著优于化学药剂处理。减施增效处理产量最高,达3914.40 kg/hm2,极显著高于对照处理,其增收效益为1067.70元。减施增效处理,既减少了杀菌剂的施用量,又提高了产量,获得收益也有所增加,为国家2020年实现化肥农药零增长提供了一定的参考。

关键词: 杀菌剂, 大豆根腐病, 大豆灰斑病, 根瘤菌剂, 抗病品种, 减施增效

Abstract:

The study aims to solve the problems of disordered selection of fungicides, excessive dosage and improper application methods in soybean production areas in northeast China. In 2018, 3 treatments were conducted in the field. The treatment of reducing fungicide application and increasing efficiency was based on planting disease-resistant varieties, and using rhizobium agent and Bacillus subtilis wettable powder to control soybean root rot, and leaf covering powder to control frogeye leaf spot, and large-area comparison tests were carried out between the above mentioned treatment and conventional chemical treatment and non-administration treatment. Random point survey was used to investigate soybean root rot index, frogeye leaf spot index and yield of soybean, then, the benefits were calculated. The results showed that: the disease indexes of root rot and frogeye leaf spot under reducing fungicide application and increasing efficiency were the lowest, 17.96% and 27.18%, respectively; the control effect of root rot was 64.08%, which was extremely superior to that of chemical treatment; the control effect of soybean frogeye leaf spot was 72.97%, which was significantly better than that of chemical treatment; the yield of reducing fungicide application and increasing efficiency reached 3914.40 kg/hm2, which was significantly higher than that of the control treatment, and the final benefit was 1067.70 Yuan more. The reducing fungicide application and increasing efficiency could not only reduce the dosage, but also increase the yield and income, and the study provides a research foundation for realizing the zero growth of fungicide in 2020.

Key words: Fungicide, Soybean Root Rot, Frogeye Leaf Spot, Rhizobium Inoculum, Resistant Varieties, Reducing Application and Increasing Efficiency

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