5%调环酸钙EA对小麦抗倒伏和产量及其相关因素的影响

doi:10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2020-0149

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了探讨调环酸钙对小麦产量相关因素及安全性的影响,以小麦品种‘豫麦49’为材料,返青后施用不同剂量的5%调环酸钙EA开展田间试验。结果表明,小麦返青期施用5%调环酸钙EA 150~ 600 g/hm²,可矮化植株高度,降低基部节间长度、增加茎粗和茎壁厚度。调环酸钙能提高小麦穗数、穗粒数、千粒重和产量。返青期施用5%调环酸钙EA 300 g/hm²和5%调环酸钙EA 300 g/hm²+0.01%芸苔素内酯SL 150 mL/hm²的产量较高,分别达7410.0 kg/hm²和7560.0 kg/hm²,较对照(CK)分别增产10.7%和13.0%。5%调环酸钙EA对小麦安全无药害,建议在小麦上推广使用。

关键词: 调环酸钙, 小麦, 抗倒伏, 产量, 影响

Abstract:

In order to explore the effect of prohexadione calcium (Pro-Ca) on the growth and yield factors and safety of wheat, taking wheat variety ‘Yumai 49’ as material, different doses of 5% Pro-Ca EA were applied to carry out field experiments after wheat turning green. The results showed that the application of 5% Pro-Ca EA (150-600 g/hm²) could dwarf plant height, reduce internode length, increase stem diameter and stem wall thickness. Pro-Ca could increase the number of ears, grains per ear, 1000-grain weight and yield of wheat. The application during the period of returning to green of 5% Pro-Ca EA 300 g/hm² and 5% Pro-Ca EA 300 g/hm² + 0.01% brassinolide SL150 mL/hm² could achieve higher yield, reaching 7410.0 kg/hm² and 7560.0 kg/hm² respectively, increase by 10.7% and 13.0% compared with that of CK. 5% Pro-Ca EA is safe and harmless to wheat, so it is recommended to be popularized in wheat production.

Key words: prohexadione calcium (Pro-Ca), wheat, lodging resistance, yield, influence

孙斌, 张佳佳, 宋语娇, 海飞, 王磊. 5%调环酸钙EA对小麦抗倒伏和产量及其相关因素的影响[J]. 农学学报, 2022, 12(6): 14-17.

SUN Bin, ZHANG Jiajia, SONG Yujiao, HAI Fei, WANG Lei. 5% Prohexadione Calcium EA: Effects on Lodging Resistance, Yield and Its Related Factors of Wheat[J]. Journal of Agriculture, 2022, 12(6): 14-17.

图/表 2

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处理	返青期平均				抽穗期平均
处理	株高/cm	基部第1节间长度/mm	粗度/ mm	茎壁厚度/mm	株高/cm	基部第1节间长度/mm	粗度/mm
5%调环酸钙EA150 g/hm²	81.5bB	54.9bB	5.27eD	0.864cB	77.0aA	58.6bcBC	4.27eD
5%调环酸钙EA300 g/hm²	77.1dD	52.7cdCD	5.68cB	0.929bA	76.6bAB	56.8cdCD	4.38dD
5%调环酸钙EA600 g/hm²	71.4fF	43.8eE	5.88aA	0.955aA	74.7dC	54.7eE	4.97aA
5%调环酸钙EA150 g/hm²+0.01%芸苔素内酯SL150 mL/hm²	79.3cC	53.5cBC	5.43dC	0.851cB	76.2cB	57.8cC	4.66cC
5%调环酸钙EA300 g/hm²+0.01%芸苔素内酯SL150 mL/hm²	76.3eE	51.6dD	5.80bA	0.756dC	73.3eD	56.3dD	4.83bB
50%矮壮素AS1200 mL/hm²	71.8fF	44.5eE	5.83aA	0.942aA	74.9dC	53.8eE	4.86bB
空白对照（清水CK）	82.1aA	62.7aA	4.36fE	0.751dC	81.5aA	65.4aA	4.10fE

处理	返青期平均				抽穗期平均
处理	株高/cm	基部第1节间长度/mm	粗度/ mm	茎壁厚度/mm	株高/cm	基部第1节间长度/mm	粗度/mm
5%调环酸钙EA150 g/hm²	81.5bB	54.9bB	5.27eD	0.864cB	77.0aA	58.6bcBC	4.27eD
5%调环酸钙EA300 g/hm²	77.1dD	52.7cdCD	5.68cB	0.929bA	76.6bAB	56.8cdCD	4.38dD
5%调环酸钙EA600 g/hm²	71.4fF	43.8eE	5.88aA	0.955aA	74.7dC	54.7eE	4.97aA
5%调环酸钙EA150 g/hm²+0.01%芸苔素内酯SL150 mL/hm²	79.3cC	53.5cBC	5.43dC	0.851cB	76.2cB	57.8cC	4.66cC
5%调环酸钙EA300 g/hm²+0.01%芸苔素内酯SL150 mL/hm²	76.3eE	51.6dD	5.80bA	0.756dC	73.3eD	56.3dD	4.83bB
50%矮壮素AS1200 mL/hm²	71.8fF	44.5eE	5.83aA	0.942aA	74.9dC	53.8eE	4.86bB
空白对照（清水CK）	82.1aA	62.7aA	4.36fE	0.751dC	81.5aA	65.4aA	4.10fE

处理	返青期平均								抽穗期平均
处理	穗数/（个/1 m²）		穗粒数/个	千粒重/g		产量/(kg/hm²)			穗数/（个/1m²）		穗粒数/个
5%调环酸钙EA150 g/hm²	377.7cC		41.4bA	44.2bcAB		6915.0bBC			378.3aA		41.4bA
5%调环酸钙EA300 g/hm²	387.1bB		42.3abA	45.2aA		7410.0aA			381.2aA		42.1abA
5%调环酸钙EA600 g/hm²	377.3cC		41.5abA	43.5cdBC		6823.5bcBC			380.7aA		41.5bA
5%调环酸钙EA150 g/hm²+0.01%芸苔素内酯SL150 mL/hm²	379.3cC		41.6abA	44.4abAB		7015.5bB			378.4aA		41.6bA
5%调环酸钙EA300 g/hm²+0.01%芸苔素内酯SL150 mL/hm²	393.3aA		42.5aA	45.3aA		7560.0aA			378.4aA		42.3aA
50%矮壮素AS1200 mL/hm²	391.4bB		42.6aA	45.1aA		7519.5aA			380.1aA		42.2aA
空白对照（清水CK）	376.1cC		41.5abA	42.9dC		6691.5cC			377.9aA		40.4cB
处理	抽穗期平均				灌浆期平均
处理	千粒重/g	产量/(kg/hm²)			穗数/（个/1 m²）		穗粒数/个	千粒重/g		产量/(kg/hm²)
5%调环酸钙EA150 g/hm²	44.2bcBC	6925.5bA			381.3aA		41.1bA	42.5aA		6649.5bcA
5%调环酸钙EA300 g/hm²	44.5abAB	7131.0abA			380.4aA		42.1aA	42.1aA		6756.0abcA
5%调环酸钙EA600 g/hm²	44.0cC	6958.5bA			382.8aA		41.3bA	42.0aA		6613.5cAB
5%调环酸钙EA150 g/hm²+0.01%芸苔素内酯SL 150 mL/hm²	44.8aA	7045.5abA			380.1aA		41.2bA	42.8aA		6820.5abA
5%调环酸钙EA300 g/hm²+0.01%芸苔素内酯SL150 mL/hm²	44.9aA	7176.0aA			383.5aA		42.2aA	42.9aA		6876.0aA
50%矮壮素AS1200 mL/hm²	44.6aA	7153.5aA			382.0aA		42.5aA	42.2aA		6852.0aA
空白对照（清水CK）	42.6dD	6502.5cB			382.5aA		39.2cB	42.6aA		6387.0dB

处理	返青期平均								抽穗期平均
处理	穗数/（个/1 m²）		穗粒数/个	千粒重/g		产量/(kg/hm²)			穗数/（个/1m²）		穗粒数/个
5%调环酸钙EA150 g/hm²	377.7cC		41.4bA	44.2bcAB		6915.0bBC			378.3aA		41.4bA
5%调环酸钙EA300 g/hm²	387.1bB		42.3abA	45.2aA		7410.0aA			381.2aA		42.1abA
5%调环酸钙EA600 g/hm²	377.3cC		41.5abA	43.5cdBC		6823.5bcBC			380.7aA		41.5bA
5%调环酸钙EA150 g/hm²+0.01%芸苔素内酯SL150 mL/hm²	379.3cC		41.6abA	44.4abAB		7015.5bB			378.4aA		41.6bA
5%调环酸钙EA300 g/hm²+0.01%芸苔素内酯SL150 mL/hm²	393.3aA		42.5aA	45.3aA		7560.0aA			378.4aA		42.3aA
50%矮壮素AS1200 mL/hm²	391.4bB		42.6aA	45.1aA		7519.5aA			380.1aA		42.2aA
空白对照（清水CK）	376.1cC		41.5abA	42.9dC		6691.5cC			377.9aA		40.4cB
处理	抽穗期平均				灌浆期平均
处理	千粒重/g	产量/(kg/hm²)			穗数/（个/1 m²）		穗粒数/个	千粒重/g		产量/(kg/hm²)
5%调环酸钙EA150 g/hm²	44.2bcBC	6925.5bA			381.3aA		41.1bA	42.5aA		6649.5bcA
5%调环酸钙EA300 g/hm²	44.5abAB	7131.0abA			380.4aA		42.1aA	42.1aA		6756.0abcA
5%调环酸钙EA600 g/hm²	44.0cC	6958.5bA			382.8aA		41.3bA	42.0aA		6613.5cAB
5%调环酸钙EA150 g/hm²+0.01%芸苔素内酯SL 150 mL/hm²	44.8aA	7045.5abA			380.1aA		41.2bA	42.8aA		6820.5abA
5%调环酸钙EA300 g/hm²+0.01%芸苔素内酯SL150 mL/hm²	44.9aA	7176.0aA			383.5aA		42.2aA	42.9aA		6876.0aA
50%矮壮素AS1200 mL/hm²	44.6aA	7153.5aA			382.0aA		42.5aA	42.2aA		6852.0aA
空白对照（清水CK）	42.6dD	6502.5cB			382.5aA		39.2cB	42.6aA		6387.0dB